Sting Nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Tylenchina: Belonolaimidae: Belonolaiminae)

Crow, William T.; Brammer, Angela S.

doi:10.32473/edis-in395-2001

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Among lance nematodes, Hoplolaimus galeatus is a widely distributed species. In the USA, H. galeatus can be found along the East Coast from New England to Florida, along the Mississippi River basin (from Minnesota and Wisconsin to Louisiana), in Colorado, Texas, and southern California ( Crow & Brammer, 2001 ; Ye, 2018 ). This species is also found in Canada, Sumatra, India, Tanzania, as well as in Central and South America ( Crow & Brammer, 2001 ; Ye, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the USA, H. galeatus can be found along the East Coast from New England to Florida, along the Mississippi River basin (from Minnesota and Wisconsin to Louisiana), in Colorado, Texas, and southern California ( Crow & Brammer, 2001 ; Ye, 2018 ). This species is also found in Canada, Sumatra, India, Tanzania, as well as in Central and South America ( Crow & Brammer, 2001 ; Ye, 2018 ). This phyto-pathogen feeds and reproduces on a wide range of host plants, including Bermuda grass, boxwood, Chinese holly, corn, cotton, creeping bentgrass, creeping grasses, slash pine, soybean, tall fescue, and white clover ( Ye, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome survey sequencing of the phyto-parasitic nematode Hoplolaimus galeatus

Agudelo

Richards

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Background Hoplolaimus galeatus is a plant-parasite nematode with a broad range of hosts. This nematode is known to damage cotton, corn, and soybean crops. Hoplolaimus galeatus is also an economically important pest of turfgrasses. Despite its economical importance, no genomic resources exist for this parasite. Methods Using 300 bp paired-end short read sequencing, this study estimated genome size, analyzed a nearly complete mitochondrial chromosome, and explored nuclear repetitive elements, including microsatellites, in H. galeatus for the first time. The phylogenetic placement of H. galeatus in the superfamily Tylenchoidea was also examined. Results The average haploid genome size estimated using a k-mer approach was 517.69 Mbp. The partially assembled mitochondrial genome of H. galeatus is 16,578 bp in length and comprised of 11 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 16 transfer RNA genes. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis confirmed the monophyly of the genus Hoplolaimus and the superfamily Tylenchoidea. Repetitive elements constituted 50% of the nuclear genome while half of the genome represented single- or low-copy sequences. A large portion of repetitive sequences could not be assigned to known repeat element families. Considering only annotated repetitive elements, the most ubiquitous belonged to Class II- Subclass 2-Maverick elements, Class I-LTR-Ty-3/Bel-Pao elements, and satellites. 45S ribosomal DNA was also abundant and a total of 36 SSRs were identified.This study developed genomic resources for the plant-parasitic nematode Hoplolaimus galeatus that will contribute to the better understanding of meta-population connectivity and putative genomic mechanisms involved in the exploitation of the broad range of host plants used by H. galeatus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome survey sequencing of the phyto-parasitic nematode Hoplolaimus galeatus

Agudelo

Richards

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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“…The fields where sting nematodes are found are used to grow agronomic crops in rotation using wheat, corn, soybean, and melon; grassy weeds are also present in the field. Belonolaimus longicaudatus is found predominantly in the sandy coastal areas of southeastern United States, where soils consist of >80% sand ( Robbins and Barker, 1974 ; Crow, 2018 ). It is also common in the sandy regions along the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coasts from Texas to Virginia and the sandy areas inland ( Crow, 2018 ; Habteweld et al ., 2021 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Belonolaimus longicaudatus is found predominantly in the sandy coastal areas of southeastern United States, where soils consist of >80% sand ( Robbins and Barker, 1974 ; Crow, 2018 ). It is also common in the sandy regions along the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coasts from Texas to Virginia and the sandy areas inland ( Crow, 2018 ; Habteweld et al ., 2021 ). However, sting nematode has not been reported from Indiana previously.…”

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First Report of Belonolaimus longicaudatus Infecting Soybean in Indiana

Bonkowski

Crow

Habteweld

2022

Journal of Nematology

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Soybeans (Glycine max) are an important crop for Indiana, playing a major role in the state’s economy. In June 2021, symptomatic soybean plants were submitted to Purdue University’s Plant and Pest Diagnostic Laboratory for diagnosis. Sting nematodes were observed on the surface of the washed roots using stereo- and brightfield compound microscopy. A total of 76 sting nematodes per 100 cm3 soil were recovered from a composite soil sample. Morphological features and measurements of adult females and males of the sting nematode population were similar to those described for Belonolaimus longicaudatus. Molecular analysis confirmed the morphological identification using D2-D3 expansion segment of the 28S large subunit ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. The consensus sequences were submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database with accession numbers OM632679 and OM632681 for the D2-D3 and ITS regions, respectively. Parasitism of the sting nematode population to soybean plants was confirmed as its average population increased from 27 to 40 nematodes per pot 4 wk after inoculation under greenhouse conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of the sting nematode B. longicaudatus in Indiana.

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Distribution of southern sting nematode, Ibipora lolii (Nematoda: Belonolaimidae), on turfgrass in Australia and its taxonomic relationship to other belonolaimids

Stirling¹,

Stirling²,

Giblin-Davis

et al. 2013

Nematol

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Molecular evidence from sequences of three regions of ribosomal DNA (partial SSU, ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2, and D2/D3 expansion segments of LSU) is presented to show that the two belonolaimids described from turfgrass in Australia (Ibipora lolii and Morulaimus gigas) are identical. Morutaimus gigas is therefore considered a junior synonym of /. lolii. The decision to place the nematode in Ibipora rather than Morulaimus is supported by molecular studies which showed that /. lolii is not closely related to Morulaimus or Carphodorus, two belonolaimid genera that are only found in Australia. Survey data are presented to show that /. lolii is widespread on turfgrass around Newcastle in New South Wales and in Perth, Western Australia, where the infested area is increasing rapidly, largely because the nematode is being spread in planting material. Ibipora lolii damages all turfgrass species but is particularly damaging to kikuyu grass {Pennisetum clandestinum), the main grass used for sporting fields and recreational areas in warm regions of Australia. Data from an experiment in pots also show that the nematode multiplies to damaging levels on sugarcane. Symptoms on grasses are similar to those caused by the sting nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, in south-eastern USA, but because the two nematodes are taxonomically different, /. lolii is referred to as the southern sting nematode. Ibipora lolii was not found in surveys of natural vegetation on the east and west coasts of Australia, suggesting that it is an introduced species, possibly originating in South America or the Caribbean, where other Ibipora species are found.

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Sting Nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Tylenchina: Belonolaimidae: Belonolaiminae)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Genome survey sequencing of the phyto-parasitic nematode Hoplolaimus galeatus

Genome survey sequencing of the phyto-parasitic nematode Hoplolaimus galeatus

First Report of Belonolaimus longicaudatus Infecting Soybean in Indiana

Distribution of southern sting nematode, Ibipora lolii (Nematoda: Belonolaimidae), on turfgrass in Australia and its taxonomic relationship to other belonolaimids

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