Stimulus Sampling and Social Psychological Experimentation

Wells, Gary L.; Windschitl, Paul D.

doi:10.1177/01461672992512005

Cited by 607 publications

(502 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is important that studies can be replicated, as studies that are able to be reproduced have a lot of strength to their findings. Even though our findings require us to accept the null hypothesis, the replication of this finding lends substantial credibility to the conclusions (see also Nuzzo, 2015;Wells & Windschitl, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Where There's Smoke, There's Fire: the Effect of Truncated Testimony on Juror Decision‐making

Anderson

Gross

Sonne

et al. 2016

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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Many countries around the world have modified their legislation to allow child complainants of abuse to present their evidence-in-chief via pre-recorded videotape, or through closedcircuit-television (CCTV), rather than through live testimony, which has been shown to be stressful for children. With this modification, many countries also allow for childrens' videotaped evidence to be truncated for relevance or admissibility purposes. In the two experiments, we examined whether truncating testimony influenced how mock jurors rated the credibility of a 6-year-old child complainant when her testimony contained the primary core allegation only, or when the testimony was presented with either one or two additionalbut less plausible-allegations. We also examined how mock jurors rated the guilt or innocence of the defendant. Contrary to what we predicted, we found that participants believed the child's core allegation, regardless of whether or not it was presented with additional less plausible allegations. Moreover, jurors who read the transcripts containing multiple allegations of abuse were more likely to find the defendant guilty of the core allegation than were jurors who read the core allegation only. These findings suggest that the truncation of testimony may affect the outcome of a trial; however, more research is needed on the effects of truncated testimony on juror decision-making as we continue to try to make the criminal justice system as fair as possible for all of those involved.iii

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Where There's Smoke, There's Fire: the Effect of Truncated Testimony on Juror Decision‐making

Anderson

Gross

Sonne

et al. 2016

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…He accused his peers of using a double standard in applying the logic of induction to the person but not to the environment (Brunswik, 1943). As Hammond and Stewart (2001b;see also Hammond, 1948see also Hammond, , 1954Wells & Windschitl, 1999) pointed out, Articles regularly appear in American Psychological Association (APA) journals describing experiments in which many subjects (conforming to the logic of induction on the subject side) but only one or two or three "person-objects" are used, thus ignoring the need for sampling on the object, or environmental, side. (p. 5) According to Hammond (1986), this propensity to substitute the number of participants for the number of conditions in the test of the null hypothesis is an error endemic to the use of systematic design and has led to many false rejections of the null hypothesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a review of social psychological experimentation, Wells and Windschitl (1999) highlighted a "serious problem that plagues a surprising number of experiments" (p. 1115), namely, the neglect of "stimulus sampling." In their view, stimulus sampling is imperative whenever individual instances within categories (e.g., gender and race) vary from one another in ways that affect the dependent variable.…”

Section: Representative Stimulus Sampling In Brunswik's Field Of Studmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Representative Design in an Ecological Approach to Cognition.

Dhami¹,

Hertwig²,

Hoffrage³

2004

Psychological Bulletin

373

285

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Egon Brunswik argued that psychological processes are adapted to environmental properties. He proposed the method of representative design to capture these processes and advocated that psychology be a science of organism-environment relations. Representative design involves randomly sampling stimuli from the environment or creating stimuli in which environmental properties are preserved. This departs from systematic design. The authors review the development of representative design, examine its use in judgment and decision-making research, and demonstrate the effect of design on research findings. They suggest that some of the practical difficulties associated with representative design may be overcome with modern technologies. The importance of representative design in psychology and the implications of this method for ecological approaches to cognition are discussed.

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“…To ensure that we adequately sampled the program types, we used six exemplars of each program type (Wells & Windschitl, 1999). A die was rolled to determine the program that was shown.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence and sex impair memory for television ads.

Bushman¹,

Bonacci²

2002

Journal of Applied Psychology

106

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Participants watched a violent, sexually explicit, or neutral TV program that contained 9 ads. Participants recalled the advertised brands. They also identified the advertised brands from slides of supermarket shelves. The next day, participants were telephoned and asked to recall again the advertised brands. Results showed better memory for people who saw the ads during a neutral program than for people who saw the ads during a violent or sexual program both immediately after exposure and 24 hr later. Violence and sex impaired memory for males and females of all ages, regardless of whether they liked programs containing violence and sex. These results suggest that sponsoring violent and sexually explicit TV programs might not be a profitable venture for advertisers.If your advertising goes unnoticed, everything else is academic. (Bernbach, 1989)

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Stimulus Sampling and Social Psychological Experimentation

Cited by 607 publications

References 14 publications

Where There's Smoke, There's Fire: the Effect of Truncated Testimony on Juror Decision‐making

Where There's Smoke, There's Fire: the Effect of Truncated Testimony on Juror Decision‐making

The Role of Representative Design in an Ecological Approach to Cognition.

Violence and sex impair memory for television ads.

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