Fragrances, which are commonly used in food, textiles,
consumer
products, and medical supplies, are volatile compounds that require
stabilization and controlled release due to their sensitivity to environmental
conditions such as light, oxygen, temperature, and humidity. Encapsulation
in various material matrices is a desired technique for these purposes,
and there is a growing interest in using sustainable natural materials
to reduce environmental impact. In this study, fragrance encapsulation
in microspheres made from silk fibroin (SF) was investigated. Fragrance-loaded
silk fibroin microspheres (Fr-SFMSs) were prepared by adding fragrance/surfactant
emulsions to silk solutions, followed by mixing them with polyethylene
glycol under ambient conditions. The study investigated eight different
fragrances, where citral, beta-ionone, and eugenol showed higher binding
affinities to silk than the other five fragrances, resulting in better
microsphere formation with uniform sizes and higher fragrance loading
(10–30%). Citral-SFMSs showed characteristic crystalline β-sheet
structures of SF, high thermal stability (initial weight loss at 255
°C), long shelf life at 37 °C (>60 days), and sustained
release (∼30% of citral remained after incubation at 60 °C
for 24 h). When citral-SFMSs with different sizes were used to treat
cotton fabrics, about 80% of the fragrance remained on the fabrics
after one wash, and the duration of release from the treated fabrics
was significantly longer than that of control samples treated with
citral alone (no microspheres). This method of preparing Fr-SFMSs
has potential applications in textile finishing, cosmetics, and the
food industry.