Stimulus-Response Conflict Tasks and Their Use in Clinical Psychology

Kleinsorge, Thomas

doi:10.3390/ijerph182010657

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 68 publications

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“…In general, the Simon task is distinguished from other conflict tasks ( Kleinsorge, 2021 ) by dimensional overlap and taxonomy ( Kornblum, 1994 ; Scerrati et al, 2017 ). The Simon task generates a dimensional overlap between two response sets and the task-irrelevant stimulus location dimension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action-rule-based cognitive control enables efficient execution of stimulus–response conflict tasks: a model validation of Simon task performance

Otani,

Katagiri,

Imai

et al. 2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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IntroductionThe human brain can flexibly modify behavioral rules to optimize task performance (speed and accuracy) by minimizing cognitive load. To show this flexibility, we propose an action-rule-based cognitive control (ARC) model. The ARC model was based on a stochastic framework consistent with an active inference of the free energy principle, combined with schematic brain network systems regulated by the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), to develop several hypotheses for demonstrating the validity of the ARC model.MethodsA step-motion Simon task was developed involving congruence or incongruence between important symbolic information (illustration of a foot labeled “L” or “R,” where “L” requests left and “R” requests right foot movement) and irrelevant spatial information (whether the illustration is actually of a left or right foot). We made predictions for behavioral and brain responses to testify to the theoretical predictions.ResultsTask responses combined with event-related deep-brain activity (ER-DBA) measures demonstrated a key contribution of the dACC in this process and provided evidence for the main prediction that the dACC could reduce the Shannon surprise term in the free energy formula by internally reversing the irrelevant rapid anticipatory postural adaptation. We also found sequential effects with modulated dip depths of ER-DBA waveforms that support the prediction that repeated stimuli with the same congruency can promote remodeling of the internal model through the information gain term while counterbalancing the surprise term.DiscussionOverall, our results were consistent with experimental predictions, which may support the validity of the ARC model. The sequential effect accompanied by dip modulation of ER-DBA waveforms suggests that cognitive cost is saved while maintaining cognitive performance in accordance with the framework of the ARC based on 1-bit congruency-dependent selective control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%