“…The Lee group developed a unique nanoparticle system for imaging and therapy of PAD based on H 2 O 2 -activatable CO 2 bubble generating indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded boronated maltodextrin (ICG-BM) ( Fig. 6 ) [ 91 ]. They generated boronated maltodextrin by making conformational changes of hydroxyls of maltodextrin with phenyl boronic ester substitutes [ 92 ].…”
Section: Bioengineering Approaches For the Treatment Of Padmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In mouse models of hindlimb ischemia, injection of ICG-BM nanoparticles in the affected legs demonstrated that the nanoparticles spontaneously react with H 2 O 2 under conditions of ischemia to generate echogenic CO 2 bubbles. ICG-BM nanoparticles also significantly reduced the level of overproduced H 2 O 2 and exerted highly potent anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic activities in ischemic tissues [ 91 , 94 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Bioengineering Approaches For the Treatment Of Padmentioning
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a progressive atherosclerotic disorder characterized by narrowing and occlusion of arteries supplying the lower extremities. Approximately 200 million people worldwide are affected by PAD. The current standard of operative care is open or endovascular revascularization in which blood flow restoration is the goal. However, many patients are not appropriate candidates for these treatments and are subject to continuous ischemia of their lower limbs. Current research in the therapy of PAD involves developing modalities that induce angiogenesis, but the results of simple cell transplantation or growth factor delivery have been found to be relatively poor mainly due to difficulties in stem cell retention and survival and rapid diffusion and enzymolysis of growth factors following injection of these agents in the affected tissues. Biomaterials, including hydrogels, have the capability to protect stem cells during injection and to support cell survival. Hydrogels can also provide a sustained release of growth factors at the injection site. This review will focus on biomaterial systems currently being investigated as carriers for cell and growth factor delivery, and will also discuss biomaterials as a potential stand-alone method for the treatment of PAD. Finally, the challenges of development and use of biomaterials systems for PAD treatment will be reviewed.
“…The Lee group developed a unique nanoparticle system for imaging and therapy of PAD based on H 2 O 2 -activatable CO 2 bubble generating indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded boronated maltodextrin (ICG-BM) ( Fig. 6 ) [ 91 ]. They generated boronated maltodextrin by making conformational changes of hydroxyls of maltodextrin with phenyl boronic ester substitutes [ 92 ].…”
Section: Bioengineering Approaches For the Treatment Of Padmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In mouse models of hindlimb ischemia, injection of ICG-BM nanoparticles in the affected legs demonstrated that the nanoparticles spontaneously react with H 2 O 2 under conditions of ischemia to generate echogenic CO 2 bubbles. ICG-BM nanoparticles also significantly reduced the level of overproduced H 2 O 2 and exerted highly potent anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic activities in ischemic tissues [ 91 , 94 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Bioengineering Approaches For the Treatment Of Padmentioning
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a progressive atherosclerotic disorder characterized by narrowing and occlusion of arteries supplying the lower extremities. Approximately 200 million people worldwide are affected by PAD. The current standard of operative care is open or endovascular revascularization in which blood flow restoration is the goal. However, many patients are not appropriate candidates for these treatments and are subject to continuous ischemia of their lower limbs. Current research in the therapy of PAD involves developing modalities that induce angiogenesis, but the results of simple cell transplantation or growth factor delivery have been found to be relatively poor mainly due to difficulties in stem cell retention and survival and rapid diffusion and enzymolysis of growth factors following injection of these agents in the affected tissues. Biomaterials, including hydrogels, have the capability to protect stem cells during injection and to support cell survival. Hydrogels can also provide a sustained release of growth factors at the injection site. This review will focus on biomaterial systems currently being investigated as carriers for cell and growth factor delivery, and will also discuss biomaterials as a potential stand-alone method for the treatment of PAD. Finally, the challenges of development and use of biomaterials systems for PAD treatment will be reviewed.
“…Likewise, HPOX nanoparticles also significantly promoted angiogenesis and blood flow perfusion in a mouse mode of hindlimb ischemia (Cho et al, 2015). Through similar procedures, vanillyl alcohol-containing copolyoxalate (PVAX) and poly (vanillin oxalate) (PVO) were synthesized by a simple onestep polymerization, and both of them are able to scavenge H 2 O 2 (Ko et al, 2014;Jeong et al, 2016;Jung et al, 2019). PVAX nanoparticles and manganese porphyrin showed synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in mice with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (Ko et al, 2014).…”
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential in regulating various physiological functions. However, overproduction of ROS is implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Antioxidant therapy has thus represented an effective strategy for the treatment of oxidative stress relevant inflammatory diseases. Conventional anti-oxidative agents showed limited in vivo effects owing to their non-specific distribution and low retention in disease sites. Over the past decades, significant achievements have been made in the development of antioxidant nanotherapies that exhibit multiple advantages such as excellent pharmacokinetics, stable anti-oxidative activity, and intrinsic ROS-scavenging properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview on recent advances in antioxidant nanotherapies, including ROS-scavenging inorganic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles with intrinsic antioxidant activity, and drug-loaded anti-oxidant nanoparticles. We highlight the biomedical applications of antioxidant nanotherapies in the treatment of different inflammatory diseases, with an emphasis on inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and brain diseases. Current challenges and future perspectives to promote clinical translation of antioxidant nanotherapies are also briefly discussed.
“…The application of ROS-responsive theranostics was applied to different conditions. To decrease the generation of H 2 O 2 in peripheral artery disease that negatively affects the neoangiogenesis process in this condition, Jung et al generated a new concept of nanotheranostic to detect the diseased tissue through ultrasound and PA imaging (Jung et al, 2019). The system consisted of boronated maltodextrin that, in the presence of tissue H 2 O 2, released 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (Luo et al, 2017;Tan et al, 2018).…”
The development of nanotheranostics represents one of the most dynamic technological frontiers in the treatment of different pathological conditions. With the goal in mind to generate nanocarriers with both therapeutic and diagnostic properties, current research aims at implementing these technologies with multiple functions, including targeting, multimodal imaging, and synergistic therapies. The working mechanism of some nanotheranostics relies on physical, chemical, and biological triggers allowing for the activation of the therapeutic and/or the diagnostic properties only at the diseased site. In this review, we explored new advances in the development of smart nanotheranostics responsive to pathological stimuli, including altered pH, oxidative stress, enzymatic expression, and reactive biological molecules with a deep focus on the material used in the field to generate the particles in the context of the analyzed disease.
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