“…Such sensors could be applied, for instance, in the near real-time, long-term monitoring of biological processes in cell culture systems or in diagnostic devices for disease detection and surveillance ondemand. 10,11 Surfaces with temporal control attributes are the focus of many recent efforts, where materials exhibit the ability to modulate their properties in response to diverse external stimuli, such as electric, optical, thermal, and chemical. 12−14 Surfaces have been created that are able to control bacterial adhesion via modulation of nonspecific interactions.…”