Stimuli-responsive engineered living materials

Rivera‐Tarazona, Laura K.; Campbell, Zachary T.; Ware, Taylor H.

doi:10.1039/d0sm01905d

Cited by 80 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 277 publications

(264 reference statements)

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“… b Rolled up tubes were visible in E. coli protein samples and have been observed previously for EutM scaffolds 1, 2 . c, d, f-h Rolled up tubes, sheets, coral- and small spherical structures (that stain as donut-like structures) were visible in Bacillus samples and have also been previously observed for EutM scaffolds 1, 2, 4–6 . The enlarged spherical structures from f are also present in c , d , and h .…”

Section: Supporting Figuressupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The design of cells capable of producing self-organizing, biocomposite materials has the potential to enable the fabrication of new types of functional living materials with the ability of self-fabrication and self-repair. Engineered living materials (ELMs) are therefore a new and fast-growing area of research that combines approaches in synthetic biology and material sciences 1–4 . The fabrication of most ELMs, however, has so far largely relied on physical methods for incorporating a living component in an external material 4–7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engineered living materials (ELMs) are therefore a new and fast-growing area of research that combines approaches in synthetic biology and material sciences 1–4 . The fabrication of most ELMs, however, has so far largely relied on physical methods for incorporating a living component in an external material 4–7 . Engineering of “truly” living materials where the living component actively facilitates material fabrication and organization is much more challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering Bacillus subtilis for the formation of a durable living biocomposite material

Kang

Pokhrel

Bratsch

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Engineered living materials (ELMs) are a fast-growing area of research that combine approaches in synthetic biology and material science. Here, we engineer B. subtilis to become a living component of a silica material composed of self-assembling protein scaffolds for functionalization and cross-linking of cells. B. subtilis was engineered to display SpyTags on polar flagella for cell attachment and cross-linking of SpyCatcher modified secreted scaffolds. Through deletion of the autolysis LytC, endospore limited B. subtilis cells become a structural component of the material with spores for long-term storage of genetic programming. Known silica biomineralization peptides were screened and scaffolds designed for silica polymerization to fabricate biocomposite materials with enhanced mechanical properties. We show that the resulting ELM can be regenerated from a piece of silica material and that new functions can be readily incorporated by co-cultivation of engineered B. subtilis strains. We believe that this work will serve as a framework for the future design of resilient ELMs as functional, self-healing materials for use as responsive coatings and plasters.

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Section: Supporting Figuressupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering Bacillus subtilis for the formation of a durable living biocomposite material

Kang

Pokhrel

Bratsch

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…[7] More recently, cells have also been engineered to produce functional materials directly and/or modulate their properties, which has led to the emergence of the new field of engineered living materials (ELMs). [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Early examples of ELMs demonstrated binding to synthetic materials (e.g., stainless steel), templating nanoparticles (e.g., gold), and immobilizing enzymes (e.g., amylase). [15,16] Additional work has focused on ELMs that function as catalytic surfaces, filtration membranes, under-water adhesives, pressure sensors, conductive films, gut adhesives, etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Self‐Regeneratable Stiff Living Materials Fabricated from Microbial Cells

Manjula-Basavanna

Duraj-Thatte

Joshi

2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Living systems have not only the exemplary capability to fabricate materials (e.g., wood, bone) under ambient conditions but they also consist of living cells that imbue them with properties like growth and self‐regeneration. Like a seed that can grow into a sturdy living wood, can living cells alone serve as the primary building block to fabricate stiff materials? Here is reported the fabrication of stiff living materials (SLMs) produced entirely from microbial cells, without the incorporation of any structural biopolymers (e.g., cellulose, chitin, collagen) or biominerals (e.g., hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate) that are known to impart stiffness to biological materials. Remarkably, SLMs are also lightweight, strong, and resistant to organic solvents and can self‐regenerate. This living materials technology can serve as a powerful biomanufacturing platform to design and develop advanced structural and cellular materials in a sustainable manner.

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“…Three-dimensional cross-linked polymeric structures that love water are called hydrogels [1][2][3], and those that respond to external stimuli (such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, electric field, light, magnetic field, and so forth) as volume changes are called smart or intelligent or stimuli-responsive hydrogels [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Hydrogels: Preparation, Characterization, and Determination of Transition Points of Crosslinked N-Isopropyl Acrylamide/Acrylamide/Carboxylic Acids Polymers

Işıkver

Saraydın

2021

Gels

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Smart hydrogels (SH) were prepared by thermal free radical polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm), acrylamide (AAm) with acrylic acid (A) or maleic acid (M), and N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide. Spectroscopic and thermal characterizations of SHs were performed using FTIR, TGA, and DSC. To determine the effects of SHs on swelling characteristics, swelling studies were performed in different solvents, solutions, temperatures, pHs, and ionic strengths. In addition, cycle equilibrium swelling studies were carried out at different temperatures and pHs. The temperature and pH transition points of SHs are calculated using a sigmoidal equation. The pH transition points were calculated as 5.2 and 4.2 for SH-M and SH-A, respectively. The NIPAAm/AAm hydrogel exhibits a critical solution temperature (LCST) of 28.35 °C, while the SH-A and SH-M hydrogels exhibit the LCST of 34.215 °C and 28.798 °C, respectively, and the LCST of SH-A is close to the body. temperature. Commercial (CHSA) and blood human serum albumin (BHSA) were used to find the adsorption properties of biopolymers on SHs. SH-M was the most efficient SH, adsorbing 49% of CHSA while absorbing 16% of BHSA. In conclusion, the sigmoidal equation or Gaussian approach can be a useful tool for chemists, chemical engineers, polymer and plastics scientists to find the transition points of smart hydrogels.

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Stimuli-responsive engineered living materials

Abstract: Engineered living materials integrate genetic engineering and synthetic materials to program stimuli responses that enable the fabrication of devices for diverse applications.

Cited by 80 publications

References 277 publications

Engineering Bacillus subtilis for the formation of a durable living biocomposite material

Engineering Bacillus subtilis for the formation of a durable living biocomposite material

Robust Self‐Regeneratable Stiff Living Materials Fabricated from Microbial Cells

Smart Hydrogels: Preparation, Characterization, and Determination of Transition Points of Crosslinked N-Isopropyl Acrylamide/Acrylamide/Carboxylic Acids Polymers

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