Stimuli‐Responsive Emission from Hybrid Metal Halides

Abstract

Stimuli‐responsive photoluminescent (PL) materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting, information encryption, and sensing. Further investigations of the transformation mechanism and potential applications of stimulus‐responsive PL materials are considerably important. In the current study, an organic–inorganic metal halide, C9H15N3SbCl5 ([C9H13N3]2+ is a 1‐(2‐pyridyl) piperazine cation) is obtained, which exhibits a 0D structure with P‐1 space group. At room temperature, when excited by UV light, the C9H15N3SbCl5 single crystals exhibit unimodal blue light emission at 405 nm, and grinding or hydrostatic pressure induces double‐peak emissions at 405 and 650 nm. Interestingly, double‐emission samples can be restored to single‐emission samples by short annealing or storage in air for 2 weeks, and this process is reversible. Luminescence response to mechanical stimuli can also be achieved in the presence of hydrochloric acid and water. Spectral analysis and the analysis of the microstructural changes revealed that the structural modifications of the inorganic group play a pivotal role in the response to the stimulus. Finally, a composite film device based on C9H15N3SbCl5 is prepared to demonstrate the potential of these smart materials in anti‐counterfeiting and sensing applications.

Ultrafast Visual Detection of a Trace Amount of Water by Highly Efficient Hybrid Manganese Halides

“…Previously reported work has demonstrated that the PL emission intensity of 0D manganese halides is sensitive to the external chemical environment, especially for the polar solvents, which inspires us to explore the potential applications of title halides in detection and sensing performance toward chemical molecules. Herein, we select halide 1 as an example considering the high PLQY and emission color purity. − To achieve a high-performance detection result, a thin halide@PVP composite-based film was prepared by depositing the microcrystal 1 on transparent glass, which displays the same green light emission under irradiation of 254 nm UV light (Figures S15 and S16). As shown in Figure a, when the film based on halide 1 was exposed to a moist atmosphere with a relative humidity of 60%, the luminescence of the film was weakened in different attenuation degrees along with the exposure time increasing.…”

High External Quantum Efficiency and Dual-Band Emission of (C7H18N)3Sb2Cl9 for Sensitivity Temperature Sensing

“…The ABX 3 metal halide perovskite (A = organic cation, B = metal cation, and X = halogen anion) structure, composed of corner-shared MX 6 octahedral building blocks, has seen rapid development in recent years and is now a focus of optoelectronic research. − The morphology and size of embedded organic cations can largely determine the molecular structure and dimension . Low-dimensional [one-dimensional (1D) and zero-dimensional (0D)] structures with higher quantum constraints often lead to a more localized electron distribution, resulting in intense photoluminescence properties. − B-site metal ions are typically used as luminescent centers in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites. , Furthermore, the selection of X (Cl, Br, or I) will affect the optical and electronic band structures of these hybrid perovskites. − …”

Modulating organic functional groups in stimuli-responsive luminescent antimony chlorides

“…That is, the external stimulation significantly changes the bond length and bond angle of the inorganic components, 29,30 the coordination number of metal ions, the coordination/insertion of the guest molecules, or the dimensional change of BX n m − . 31–42 For example, Xiao et al 43 reported that the bond length and bond angle of Sn 2+ -IOMHs C 4 N 2 H 14 SnBr 4 change significantly with increasing pressure, resulting in a larger dipole moment and higher structural and excited state distortion. Peng et al found that the hydrogen bond strength in [EtPPh 3 ] 2 [SbCl 5 ] can be influenced by diverse organic functional groups upon exposure to different organic gases.…”