Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effects of Sucrose Concentration on Xylogenesis in Lettuce Pith Explants; Possible Mediation by Ethylene Biosynthesis

Wilson, J. Warren; Roberts, Lorin W.; Wilson, P. M. Warren; Gresshoff, Peter M.

doi:10.1006/anbo.1994.1008

Cited by 37 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…A concentration gradient of Glc across developing cotyledons of Vicia faba was recently documented, and Glc was suggested to act as a morphogen in embryo development (Borisjuk et al, 1998). In callus and pith tissue a role for Suc as a developmental signal in the induction of xylem and phloem elements is well established (Wetmore and Rier, 1963;Jeffs andNorthcote, 1966, 1967;Warren Wilson et al, 1994). When investigating the specificity of different sugars, Jeffs and Northcote (1967) found that Suc together with maltose and trehalose where the only sugars that induced both xylem and phloem elements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function and Dynamics of Auxin and Carbohydrates during Earlywood/Latewood Transition in Scots Pine

et al. 2001

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In temperate regions the annual pattern of wood development is characterized by the formation of radially narrow and thick walled latewood cells. This takes place at the later part of the growing season when cambial cell division declines. To gain new insight into the regulation of this process, micro-analytical techniques were used to visualize the distribution of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), soluble carbohydrates, and activities of sucrose (Suc)-metabolizing enzymes across the cambial region tissues in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). The total amount of IAA in the cambial region did not change with latewood initiation. But its radial distribution pattern was altered, resulting in an increased concentration in the cambial meristem and its recent derivatives. Thus, initiation of latewood formation and cessation of cambial cell division is not a consequence of decreased IAA concentrations in dividing and expanding cells. Rather, IAA most likely has a role in defining the altered developmental pattern associated with latewood formation. Carbohydrates and enzyme activities showed distinctive radial distribution patterns. Suc peaked in the phloem and decreased sharply to low levels across the cambial zone, whereas fructose and glucose reached their highest levels in the maturing tracheids. Suc synthase was the dominating Suc cleaving enzyme with a peak in the secondary wall-forming tracheids and in the phloem. Soluble acid invertase peaked in dividing and expanding cells. Suc-phosphate synthase had its highest activities in the phloem. Activities of cell wall bound invertase were low. The absence of major seasonal variations indicates that carbohydrate availability is not a trigger for latewood initiation. However, steep concentration gradients of the sugars suggest a role for sugar signaling in vascular development.The annual transition from earlywood to latewood formation is a conspicuous developmental switch in temperate region trees. Latewood is induced during the later part of the growing season, when cell division activity in the cambial meristem declines. It involves a reduction in radial expansion and an increase in wall thickening of the cambial derivatives. Thus, earlywood is characterized by large-diameter and thin-walled tracheids, whereas latewood is composed of narrow diameter tracheids with thick cell walls. The induction of latewood cells and cambial dormancy offers a natural system by which we can gain new insight into the regulation of the basic growth processes of cell division and cell morphology.Early investigators concluded that the initiation of latewood formation was induced by shortening of the photoperiod, and was associated with cessation of apical and needle growth at a time when current year needles had become net exporters of photosynthetic assimilate (Richardson and Dinwoodie, 1960; Larson, 1964; Gordon and Larson, 1968). It was also observed that exogenous IAA could cause cambia that were forming narrow-diameter latewood tracheids to revert to forming large-diameter earlywood tracheids...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function and Dynamics of Auxin and Carbohydrates during Earlywood/Latewood Transition in Scots Pine

et al. 2001

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“…High sucrose concentration in medium result in high osmotic potential, which may reduce the shoots' water content. It has been conjectured that sucrose increases vascular regeneration in lettuce pith tissue acting as a signal molecule (Warren Wilson et al 1994).…”

Section: Ibamentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing efficiency of shoot regeneration in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ‘Huizao’

Feng

Shang

et al. 2010

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Several factors affecting the frequency of leaf regeneration of Ziziphus jujuba 'Huizao' were investigated in this study, including basal medium, plant growth regulators, leaf maturity, explant orientation, and additive chemicals. The results showed that the highest shoot regeneration frequency (82.25%) was obtained on woody plant medium supplemented with 2.27 lM thidiazuron, 1.07 lM a-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 2.94 lM silver nitrate after a 10 days incubation in darkness. This study also suggested an increased regeneration frequency of expanded young leaves which were taken from the midstem position, as well as from the explant abaxial surface contacting with the medium. In addition, hyperhydric of adventitious buds could be effectively reduced by adding 40 g l -1 sucrose to the medium. A 95.56% rooting rate could be produced from shoots cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (in Physiol Plant 15:473-497, 1962) medium plus 2.69 lM NAA.

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“…In woody plants, storage starch is an important source of many kinds of organic compound, including sucrose, which is the primary sugar that is transported in plants (Shiroya et al 1962;Zimmermann 1971;Giaquinta 1980;Kozlowski and Pallardy 1997) and regulates vascular differentiation in cultured cells and tissues (Wetmore and Rier 1963;Warren Wilson et al 1994). In woody plants, storage starch is an important source of many kinds of organic compound, including sucrose, which is the primary sugar that is transported in plants (Shiroya et al 1962;Zimmermann 1971;Giaquinta 1980;Kozlowski and Pallardy 1997) and regulates vascular differentiation in cultured cells and tissues (Wetmore and Rier 1963;Warren Wilson et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between cambial activity, cell differentiation and the localization of starch in storage tissues around the cambium in locally heated stems of Abies sachalinensis (Schmidt) Masters

Oribe¹,

Funada

Kubo

2003

Trees

153

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A study was made, in a cool-temperate zone, of the extent of cell division in the cambium, the extent of differentiation of cambial derivatives, and the localization of storage starch around the cambium in locally heated (22-26C) stems of the evergreen conifer Abies sachalinensis (Schmidt) Masters during cambial dormancy and immediately after natural reactivation of the cambium. In locally heated regions of stems during cambial dormancy, heating induced localized reactivation of the cambium. However, the cells in the heated and reactivated cambium stopped dividing soon after only a few cells had been generated. In addition, no differentiation of the xylem and the disappearance of starch from storage tissues around the cambium were observed. In regions of stem that had been locally heated after natural reactivation of the cambium, cell division continued in the cambium and earlywood tracheids with a large radial diameter and secondary walls were formed, with abundant starch in the storage tissues around the cambium. Our results suggest that the extent of both cell division in the cambium and cell differentiation depends on the amount of starch in storage tissues around the cambium in the locally heated stems of an evergreen conifer growing in a cool-temperate zone.

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Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effects of Sucrose Concentration on Xylogenesis in Lettuce Pith Explants; Possible Mediation by Ethylene Biosynthesis

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Function and Dynamics of Auxin and Carbohydrates during Earlywood/Latewood Transition in Scots Pine

Function and Dynamics of Auxin and Carbohydrates during Earlywood/Latewood Transition in Scots Pine

Factors influencing efficiency of shoot regeneration in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ‘Huizao’

Relationships between cambial activity, cell differentiation and the localization of starch in storage tissues around the cambium in locally heated stems of Abies sachalinensis (Schmidt) Masters

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