Stimulation of the locus coeruleus decreases arterial pressure

Sved, Alan F.; Felsten, Gary

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)91332-1

Cited by 84 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This target is reached by the administration of clonidine (0.15 mg) plus doxepin (25 mg) or imipramine (25 mg) or clomipramine (25mg) at nocturnal period. The former drug (an alpha-2 agonist) would attenuate the overactivity of the A5(NA) + A6(NA) + DR(5-HT) nuclei triggered by the diurnal prescription (all of them are crowded by inhibitory alpha-2 receptors) whereas the tricyclic drugs would allow the slow plus progressive fading rather than the sudden fall of the above mentioned A6(NA) + DR(5-HT) nuclei [18,[169][170][171][172]. These tricyclic drugs are both NA-and 5-HT-uptake inhibitors thus, they would interfere with the abrupt fall of the firing activity of the NA plus 5HT neurons, allowing a gradual and progressive fading of this binomial system [173].…”

Section: Therapeutical Evidence Supporting the Postulation That Therementioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Circuitries Underlying Two Types of Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System Disorders~!2008-04-24~!2008-09-26~!2008-12-05~!

Lechín¹,

Dijs²

2008

TONEURJ

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Abstract:The assessment of circulating neurotransmitters: noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, platelet serotonin, plasma serotonin and plasma tryptophan before and after many types of stressor agents and neuropharmacological drugs carried out over the last thirty years allowed us to accumulate information dealing with the central nervous system (CNS) versus the peripheral autonomic nervous system (ANS) interactions in healthy as well as diseased mammals. Furthermore, the accurate knowledge about the CNS circuitry disorders which underlie both the CNS and peripheral clinical syndromes, has allowed us to prescribe successful neuropharmacological therapeutical strategies for many types of illnesses. In addition, the demonstration that the clinical improvement was always paralleled by the normalization of the neurochemical, hormonal, immunological and clinical profiles affords strong support to our point of view. According to all the above, the authors postulate the existence of two types of diseases: type A and Type N, which are underlain by two opposite CNS + ANS disorders. Type A diseases should be associated with the "uncoping stress" syndrome and are underlain by hyperactivity of the adrenocortical glands plus the CNS disorder characterized by the predominance of the C1(adrenergic) + DR(serotonergic) axis over the A5(noradrenergic) + MR(serotonergic) binomial, whereas the type N diseases depends on the opposite profile: "endogenous depression" syndrome. Finally, we quoted exhaustive evidence showing that the well known fading of both the A6(noradrenergic) + C1(adrenergic) CNS nuclei activity occurring during aging is responsible for the ANS + CNS disorder which is similar to that underlying psychosis, Alzheimer, post-traumatic stress disorder and deficit-attention hyperactive disorder.

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Section: Therapeutical Evidence Supporting the Postulation That Therementioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Circuitries Underlying Two Types of Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System Disorders~!2008-04-24~!2008-09-26~!2008-12-05~!

Lechín¹,

Dijs²

2008

TONEURJ

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“…As to AII receptors, this study has provided evidence to strengthen the literature [11,31,33] for the notion that AII receptors in the LC are involved in the development of genetic hypertension. Earlier, we have mentioned that there is an LC-testis axis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Its axonal fibers are distributed to all major parts of the central nervous system [37]. Due to the broad distribution of the NE axons in the brain, the LC is therefore involved in a wide variety of functions including vigilance, stress, cognition/ memory, depression and blood pressure modulation [4,20,33]. As to the cardiovascular function, the LC has been linked to the development of essential hypertension seen in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats [2,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin II Receptor Binding in the Locus ceruleus of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Wistar-Kyoto Rats: A Quantitative Autoradiographic Study with References to Hypertension and Cardiac/Testicular Hypertrophy

2004

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The locus ceruleus (LC) contains a high density of angiotensin II (AII) receptors. The role of AII receptors at the LC in genetic hypertension and organ function is unclear. Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied, and blood pressure of animals was measured using the tail-cuff method. Animals were decapitated and the heart weight (HW) and testicular weight (TW) of animals measured. AII receptor binding was carried out by incubating the LC tissue sections with 200 pM [¹²⁵I]-AII receptor ligand, and measured using quantitative autoradiography. Results showed that the HW/BW ratio was significantly higher in SHR rats than WKY rats. However, the TW/BW ratio was higher in SHR rats than WKY rats only at two hypertensive stages, whereas AII receptor binding capacity in the LC was also statistically higher in SHR rats than WKY rats. Results indicated that cardiac and testicular hypertrophies were related to higher AII receptor binding in the LC of SHR rats, when compared with WKY rats. Interestingly, the literature shows that there is an LC-testes axis. In conclusion, this study indicated that AII receptors in the LC are associated with genetic hypertension, and testicular weight could be a reasonable index for essential hypertension.

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“…Whereas several studies have demonstrated sympathetic activation in response to electrical stimulation of the region of the locus coeruleus (Philippu et al, 1974;Ward and Gunn, 1976), the noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus do not appear to be responsible for this effect (Sved and Felsten, 1987). In addition, stimulation of the locus coeruleus in anesthetized rats by local injection of excitatory drugs elicits a decrease in blood pressure (Sved and Felsten, 1987) and sympathetic neural activity (Miyawaki et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition, stimulation of the locus coeruleus in anesthetized rats by local injection of excitatory drugs elicits a decrease in blood pressure (Sved and Felsten, 1987) and sympathetic neural activity (Miyawaki et al, 1991). Thus, future studies will be required to clarify the role of the sympathetic nervous system in mediating the suppression of lymphocyte responses that is produced by increased locus coeruleus activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locus coeruleus stimulation by corticotropin-releasing hormone suppresses in vitro cellular immune responses

1994

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Previous studies have demonstrated that stressors alter cellular immune system function, and increase the activity of locus coeruleus neurons. Furthermore, stressors increase the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and locus coeruleus neurons are activated by CRH. Thus, the present study examined whether activation of the locus coeruleus by infusion of CRH modulates the function of blood and spleen lymphocytes assessed in vitro. CRH (100 ng) was administered into the region of the locus coeruleus in awake rats 1 hr before spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected for culture with nonspecific mitogens. Unilateral or bilateral microinfusion of CRH into the locus coeruleus produced a decrease in blood and spleen T-lymphocyte mitogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin, ConA, and an antibody to the T- lymphocyte antigen receptor. In contrast, infusion of saline into the locus coeruleus or CRH into the surrounding region of the dorsal pons did not alter spleen or blood lymphocyte responses. Plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, and IL-6 were increased by CRH infusion into the locus coeruleus. These results suggest that CRH-evoked activation of the locus coeruleus stimulates the hypophysial adrenal axis, possibly activates the sympathetic nervous system, and results in immunosuppression. Comparable changes in lymphocyte and hormone responses are produced by an aversive stimulus or a conditioned stressor, suggesting that activation of the locus coeruleus may be a component of stressor-induced immune alterations.

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Stimulation of the locus coeruleus decreases arterial pressure

Cited by 84 publications

References 36 publications

Central Nervous System Circuitries Underlying Two Types of Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System Disorders~!2008-04-24~!2008-09-26~!2008-12-05~!

Central Nervous System Circuitries Underlying Two Types of Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System Disorders~!2008-04-24~!2008-09-26~!2008-12-05~!

Angiotensin II Receptor Binding in the Locus ceruleus of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Wistar-Kyoto Rats: A Quantitative Autoradiographic Study with References to Hypertension and Cardiac/Testicular Hypertrophy

Locus coeruleus stimulation by corticotropin-releasing hormone suppresses in vitro cellular immune responses

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