Stimulation of Phagocytosis by Human Lysozyme

Abstract

Human lysozyme in physiologic concentrations (10–400 μg/ml) significantly (p < 0.001) stimulates the phagocytosis of yeast cells by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This stimulating effect was observed even in the absence of serum factors. Hen egg white lysozyme or protamine sulfate had no effect on phagocytosis. The stimulating effect of human lysozyme was not the result of opsonization but was apparently related to the effects on constituent membranes of the phagocytic cells.

Dietary administration of the probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum, enhanced the growth, innate immune responses, and disease resistance of the grouper Epinephelus coioides

“…They lyse Gram-positive bacteria, and kill Gram-negative bacteria after a complement and other enzymes have disrupted the outer cell walls [44][45][46]. In addition, lysozymes promote phagocytosis as an opsonin, or by directly activating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages [47,48].…”

Immunomodulatory effect of sodium alginate enriched diet in kelp grouper Epinephelus brneus against Streptococcus iniae

“…It lyses Gram-positive bacteria by splitting the b-1,4 linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in cell walls, and kills Gram-negative bacteria after complement and other enzymes have disrupted the outer cell walls [50e52]. Further, lysozyme promotes phagocytosis as an opsonin, or by directly activating polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages [53,54]. However, Ergosan through some as yet uncharacterised mechanism can activate neutrophils bringing about this enhanced activity [55].…”

Dietary sodium alginate administration affects fingerling growth and resistance to Streptococcus sp. and iridovirus, and juvenile non-specific immune responses of the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides

“…It lyses Grampositive bacteria by splitting the b-1,4 linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in cell walls, and kills Gram-negative bacteria after complement and other enzymes have disrupted the outer cell walls [44e46]. In addition, lysozyme promotes phagocytosis as an opsonin, or by directly activating polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages [47,48].…”