Stimulation of Insulin Secretion by Parasympathomimetic Agents

Kaneto, Akio; Kajinuma, Hiroshi; Kosáka, Kinori; Nakao, Kiku

doi:10.1210/endo-83-4-651

Cited by 58 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Similarly, electrical stimulation of parasympathetic nerves (42,43), local infusion of the classic parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine (44), and a pancreatic parasympathetic neuropeptide such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (45,46) all stimulate glucagon release from the ␣-cell. Each of these autonomic inputs is capable of stimulating glucagon secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Sensitively Controls the Glucagon Response to Mild Hypoglycemia in the Dog

et al. 2002

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In the present study, we examined how the arterial insulin level alters the ␣-cell response to a fall in plasma glucose in the conscious overnight fasted dog. Each study consisted of an equilibration (؊140 to ؊40 min), a control (؊40 to 0 min), and a test period (0 to 180 min), during which BAY R 3401 (10 mg/kg), a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, was administered orally to decrease glucose output in each of four groups (n ‫؍‬ 5). In group 1, saline was infused. In group 2, insulin was infused peripherally (3.6 pmol ⅐ kg ؊1 ⅐ min ؊1 ), and the arterial plasma glucose level was clamped to the level seen in group 1. In group 3, saline was infused, and euglycemia was maintained. In group 4, insulin (3.6 pmol ⅐ kg ؊1 ⅐ min ؊1 ) was given, and euglycemia was maintained by glucose infusion. In group 1, drug administration decreased the arterial plasma glucose level (mmol/l) from 5.8 ؎ 0.2 (basal) to 5.2 ؎ 0.3 and 4.4 ؎ 0.3 by 30 and 90 min, respectively (P < 0.01). Arterial plasma insulin levels (pmol/l) and the hepatic portalarterial difference in plasma insulin (pmol/l) decreased (P < 0.01) from 78 ؎ 18 and 90 ؎ 24 to 24 ؎ 6 and 12 ؎ 6 over the first 30 min of the test period. The arterial glucagon levels (ng/l) and the hepatic portal-arterial difference in plasma glucagon (ng/l) rose from 43 ؎ 5 and 5 ؎ 2 to 51 ؎ 5 and 10 ؎ 5 by 30 min (P < 0.05) and to 79 ؎ 16 and 31 ؎ 15 (P < 0.05) by 90 min, respectively. In group 2, in response to insulin infusion, arterial insulin (pmol/l) was elevated from 48 ؎ 6 to 132 ؎ 6 to an average of 156 ؎ 6. The hepatic portal-arterial difference in plasma insulin was eliminated, indicating a complete inhibition of endogenous insulin release. The arterial glucagon level (ng/l) and the hepatic portalarterial difference in plasma glucagon (ng/l) did not rise significantly (40 ؎ 5 and 7 ؎ 4 at basal, 44 ؎ 4 and 9 ؎ 4 at 90 min, and 44 ؎ 8 and 15 ؎ 7 at 180 min). In group 3, when euglycemia was maintained, the insulin and glucagon levels and the hepatic portal-arterial difference remained constant. In group 4, the arterial plasma glucose level remained basal (5.9 ؎ 1.1 mmol/l) throughout, whereas insulin infusion increased the arterial insulin level to an average of 138 ؎ 6 pmol/l. The hepatic portal-arterial difference in plasma insulin was again eliminated. Arterial glucagon level (ng/l) and the hepatic portal-arterial difference in plasma glucagon (ng/l) did not change significantly (43 ؎ 2 and 9 ؎ 2 at basal, 39 ؎ 3 and 9 ؎ 2 at 90 min, and 37 ؎ 3 and 7 ؎ 2 at 180 min). Thus, a difference of ϳ120 pmol/l in arterial insulin completely abolished the response of the ␣-cell to mild hypoglycemia. Diabetes 51:3033-3042, 2002

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Sensitively Controls the Glucagon Response to Mild Hypoglycemia in the Dog

et al. 2002

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“…This has been found for nicotine (Slanina & Tjalve, 1973), atropine (Albanus, Hammarstr6m, Sundwall, Ullberg & Vangbo, 1968;Slanina & Tjalve, 1972) and alprenolol (Slanina, 1973). Dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine as well as these drugs have also been reported to have effects on the secretion of the hormones from at least some of the endocrine cells (Bisset & Walker, 1957;Malaisse, Malaisse-Lagae, Wright & Ashmore, 1967;Kaneto, Kajinuma, Kosaka & Nakao, 1968;Feldman & Lebowitz, 1970 (Jaanus et at., 1967;Brisson et al, 1971). Calcium is known to be a requisite for the secretory process (Douglas, 1968;Rubin, 1970;Brisson et al, 1971).…”

Section: Distribution Of Procaine and Lidocaine In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Local Anaesthetics: Accumulation in Some Endocrine Polypeptide‐hormone Producing Cell Systems

Hammarström¹,

Slanina²,

Tjälve

et al. 1974

British J Pharmacology

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After the injection of labelled procaine and lidocaine in mice, the location and concentration of radioactivity was demonstrated by autoradiographical methods. An accumulation in some endocrine cells such as the pancreatic islets, the hypophysis, the adrenal medulla and certain cells of the thyroid (probably representing the calcitonin‐producing parafollicular cells) was shown. After the injection of [14C]‐procaine in chicks, an accumulation of radioactivity was observed in the ultimobranchial gland (which produces calcitonin in birds), but not in the thyroid. Radioactivity was also shown to be strongly concentrated in structures containing melanin, such as the pigment of the eye, skin and hair and in some organs involved in the metabolism and excretion of these drugs.

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“…Data have also accumulated to support a role for the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system in modifying insulin release. Acetylcholine stimulates insulin release in vitro (11,15), as defined in a static system, and cholinergic agents (20,21) including nicotinic acid (22) stimulate insulin release in vivo. Further, both vagal stimulation (23,24) and pancreatic nerve stimulation (25) result in an increase in insulin release.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, both vagal stimulation (23,24) and pancreatic nerve stimulation (25) result in an increase in insulin release. Finally, atropinie has been showIn to inhlibit conditioned insulin release (26), insulin release secondary to vagal stimulation (20,21), and to inhibit insulin release in response to oral glucose but not that induced by intravenous glucose (27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%