Stimulation of Human Prolactin Secretion by Intravenous Infusion of L-Tryptophan

MacIndoe, John H.; Turkington, Roger W.

doi:10.1172/jci107381

Cited by 196 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…19,20 The secretion of prolactin is regulated by 5-HTergic mechanisms in the brain. 322,323 Therefore, increased plasma prolactin can be interpreted as an index of enhanced brain serotonin function 324,325 and hypersensitivity of the 5-HTergic system. 326,327 Neuroendocrine responses to 5-HT agonists are an indication of postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, with relatively high hormonal responses being indicative of receptor hypersensitivity while relatively low hormonal responses suggest receptor hyposensitivity.…”

Section: Experimental Manipulations Of 5-ht In Relation To Sv Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

et al. 2006

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In recent years, the term serotonergic vulnerability (SV) has been used in scientific literature, but so far it has not been explicitly defined. This review article attempts to elucidate the SV concept. SV can be defined as increased sensitivity to natural or experimental alterations of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system. Several factors that may disrupt the 5-HTergic system and hence contribute to SV are discussed, including genetic factors, female gender, personality characteristics, several types of stress and drug use. It is explained that SV can be demonstrated by means of manipulations of the 5-HTergic system, such as 5-HT challenges or acute tryptophan depletion (ATD). Results of 5-HT challenge studies and ATD studies are discussed in terms of their implications for the concept of SV. A model is proposed in which a combination of various factors that may compromise 5-HT functioning in one person can result in depression or other 5-HT-related pathology. By manipulating 5-HT levels, in particular with ATD, vulnerable subjects may be identified before pathology initiates, providing the opportunity to take preventive action. Although it is not likely that this model applies to all cases of depression, or is able to identify all vulnerable subjects, the strength of the model is that it may enable identification of vulnerable subjects before the 5-HT related pathology occurs. Molecular Psychiatry ( Keywords: serotonin; mood disorders; stress; genetics; sex; tryptophan Involvement of serotonin in depressionMood disorders are one of the most prevalent forms of mental illness. 1 According to the DSM-IV, the lifetime risk for major depressive disorder is between 10 and 25% for women and between 5 and 12% for men. 2 Depression has been studied intensively during the last few decades, but the psychological and neurobiological determinants of depression have not yet been precisely defined. Although several factors are known to contribute to the etiology of depression, it is not clear how these factors cause depression, and why some subjects become depressed while others remain unaffected. In terms of biological factors in the etiology of depression, there are several hypotheses. These include neurotransmitter dysfunctions (serotonin, 5-HT; dopamine, DA; norepinephrine, NE); dysregulations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity; and immune system imbalance. The aim of this article is not to discuss all of these hypotheses in detail, but to evaluate the role that serotonin may play within these hypothesized mechanisms.It is widely accepted that diminished serotonergic (5-HTergic) function is involved in the onset and course of depression. 3,4 The 5-HTergic system is a large and complex system. Although nearly all cell bodies of 5-HTergic neurons are located in the raphe nuclei in the brain stem, the axons of these neurons innervate almost the entire brain. The actions of 5-HT are mediated by 16 types and subtypes of receptors. 5 As the 5-HTergic system is assumed to be a modulatory system, the exact func...

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Section: Experimental Manipulations Of 5-ht In Relation To Sv Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

et al. 2006

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“…Serotonin has also been involved in the neuroregulation of PRL secretion in mammals (Maclndoe and Turkington, 1973;Kato et al" 1974). Trazodone [2-3-4(m-chlorophenyl)-lpiperazinyl-propyl-s-triazol-4-3-a-piridyn-3-(2H)-one], employed in the treatment of anxiety and depressive states (Silvestrini etal., \968\Banand Lehman, 1973;Saarma, 1974), seems to in teract with the serotoninergic system in some experimental models (Garattini et al, 1976).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of a Psychoactive Drug, Trazodone, on Prolactin Secretion in Man

Rolandi¹,

Magnani²,

Milesi³

et al. 1981

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Recently, it was demonstrated that the systemic administration of L-tryptophan, a precursor of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), or 5-HTP, a precursor of serotonin, raised plasma prolactin levels both in rats (Lu and Meites, 1973) and in man (Kato et al, 1974c;Maclndoe and Turkington, 1973). The intraventricular injection of serotonin also stimulates prolactin release (Kamberi et al, 1971a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of hypothalamic surgery on prolactin release induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in rats.

et al. 1976

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SynopsisIntravenous injections of varying doses of 5-HTP (1, 3 and 5mg/100g body wt), a precursor of serotonin, caused a significant and dose-related increase in plasma prolactin concentrations in urethane-anesthetized rats. Increases in plasma prolactin concentrations caused by 5-HTP (1mg/100g body wt iv) were abolished by the concomitant administration of L-DOPA (2mg/100g body wt iv). Plasma prolactin levels were also significantly elevated following the injection of 5-HTP in rats with complete hypothalamic deafferentation, whereas 5-HTP had no significant effect on plasma prolactin levels in rats with extensive hypothalamic ablation.These results suggest that 5-HTP causes prolactin secretion by stimulating the serotoninergic mechanism in the hypothalamus.

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Stimulation of Human Prolactin Secretion by Intravenous Infusion of L-Tryptophan

Cited by 196 publications

References 24 publications

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

Effect of a Psychoactive Drug, Trazodone, on Prolactin Secretion in Man

Effect of hypothalamic surgery on prolactin release induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in rats.

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