Stimulation of Disaccharidase Activities in the Jejunal Brush Border Membrane of Adult Rat by Total Parenteral Nutrition

Abstract

This study examined the morphological and functional adaptations occurring in the jejunum of adult rats fed totally by parenteral nutrition during a 4-day period. Comparison was made with sham-operated animals receiving orally a similar isocaloric diet. The intravenously fed rats exhibited a 20% shortening of the vill·us height. The specific activity of aminopeptidase showed remarkable stability in all conditions. A major stimulation (2.5-fold) was measured for lactase-specific activity. Daily administration of thyroxine completely inhibited the rise of lactase activity. Thyroidectomy caused a significant increase of lactase activity in the orally fed controls, but did not exert any synergistic effect with parenteral nutrition on intestinal enzyme activities. In our experimental conditions intravenous feeding led to a 3-fold decrease in the concentration of thyroid hormones detected in the serum. The results show that total parenteral nutrition leads to a stimulation of the specific activity of brush border lactase in the intestine of adult rat which might be related to the level of thyroid hormones.

Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Enhances Maltase-Glucoamylase and Sucrase-Isomaltase Gene Expression and Activity in Parenterally Fed Premature Neonatal Piglets

“…TPN provides systemic energy and nutrients but has been associated with intestinal atrophy, abnormal BB hydrolase activities, and reduced circulating GLP-2 concentrations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). GLP-2 is a 33-amino acid peptide released from the specific post-translational cleaving of the proglucagon gene in the enteroendocrine L cells of the small intestine.…”

“…Some investigators (2,12,13) report significant decreases in major enzyme activities (lactase, maltase, sucrase, aminopeptidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase), whereas others report marked increases (3,4) during TPN. Regardless of the differences in these results, it is well recognized that the activity of BB hydrolases cannot be sustained at normal levels by parenteral nutrition alone.…”

Nutritional Performance and Intestinal Absorptive Capacities of Neonatal Lambs Fed Milk Replacer or Dam's Milk, With or Without Access to Creep Feed

“…Les villosit6s sont plus hautes dans les sections du j6junum que dans celles du duod6-num. Les Morphology, absorption ability, permeability and disaccharidase content, especially lactase content (Dahlqvist and Lindquist 1911) of the intestines of rats, piglets and calves were affected by starvation (Gould and Sanford 1984;Raul et al 1984), diarrhoea (Lifschitz 1985 ; Stiglmair-Herb and Pospischil 1985), microbial infection and allergic reactions commonly induced through feeding non-milk proteins (Barratt etal. 1978;Sissons et al 1984).…”

Effect of Intravenous and Intragastric Fat Infusion on Intestinal Brush Border Enzyme Activities in Rats

“…The increase in the vil lus height observed after lipid infusion might also be directly related to a hormonally me diated mechanism, since it has been demon strated that Intralipid stimulates the release of enteroglucagon [2], which is considered to be a growth hormone to the small intestine [1]. It is noteworthy that when a mixture of carbohydrate and amino acids was given in travenously as a substitute for the lipid emul sion, a shortening of the villus height and an increase or no change in the activities of the brush border enzymes was seen [8]. The com position of the metabolites given by intrave nous infusion is of outmost importance for the maintenance of normal digestive capaci ties in the intestine, despite the fact that these components are not acting via the luminal side.…”

“…Sucrase, lactase and aminopeptidase activities were determined in the purified brush border mem branes as described earlier [8]. Enzyme activities were expressed either as specific activities (milliunits per milligram of protein) or as segmental activities (mil liunits per centimeter of intestinal segment).…”