“…In different studies, vancomycin was incorporated into polyurethane or chitosan materials for local delivery to treat and prevent infection (Li, Brown, Wenke, & Guelcher, ; Stinner, Noel, Haggard, Watson, & Wenke, ), whereas another group combined vancomycin delivered in a fibrin gel with alginate beads to deliver stem cells (Hou, Xu, Li, Feng, & Zen, ). In addition to antibiotics, growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins are often included in bone regenerative strategies for osteoinduction (Brown et al, ; Faßbender, Minkwitz, Strobel, Schmidmaier, & Wildemann, ; Jiang et al, ; Li, Vepari, Jin, Kim, & Kaplan, ). The efficacy of these complex systems however must be confirmed at the scaffold level due to the effects of infection on the graft itself.…”