Stimulation of Bone Growth Through Sports

Krahl, H; Michaelis, Ulf; Pieper, Hans-Gerd; Quack, G.; Montag, Michael

doi:10.1177/036354659402200605

Cited by 137 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…9 As demonstrated in these reports, the throwing motion causes a great force to pass through the proximal physis of the humerus, which may affect the growth of the humerus. In fact, Krahl et al 15 observed a significant increase in humeral length in dominant shoulders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Why is the humeral retroversion of throwing athletes greater in dominant shoulders than in nondominant shoulders?

Yamamoto

Itoi

Minagawa

et al. 2006

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

116

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Why is the humeral retroversion of throwing athletes greater in dominant shoulders than in nondominant shoulders?

Yamamoto

Itoi

Minagawa

et al. 2006

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

116

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“…Thus, evidence of adaptation in length asymmetry in response to upper limb loading is not as strong as that for diaphyseal adaptation. Krahl and colleagues [2] found significant lateralization in forearm length and bone diameters in professional tennis players that was not present in controls, but Haapasalo and colleagues [5] found no significant difference in length asymmetry between young tennis players and controls, so loading differences between young players and controls did not appear to be impacting bone length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Divergence in Male and Female Manipulative Behaviors with the Intensification of Metallurgy in Central Europe

2014

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Humeral morphology has been shown to reflect, in part, habitual manipulative behaviors in humans. Among Central European agricultural populations, long-term social change, increasing task specialization, and technological innovation all had the potential to impact patterns of habitual activity and upper limb asymmetry. However, systematic temporal change in the skeletal morphology of agricultural populations in this region has not been well-characterized. This study investigates diachronic patterns in humeral biomechanical properties and lengths among 174 adult Central European agriculturalists through the first ∼5400 years of farming in the region. Greater asymmetry in biomechanical properties was expected to accompany the introduction of metallurgy, particularly in males, while upper limb loading patterns were expected to be more similar between the Bronze and Iron Ages. Results revealed a divergence in the lateralization of upper limb biomechanical properties by sex between the Early/Middle Neolithic and Early/Middle Bronze Age. Neolithic females had significantly more variable properties than males in both humeri, while Bronze Age female properties became homogeneous and very symmetrical relative to the right-biased lateralization of contemporaneous males. The Bronze Age to Iron Age transition was associated with morphological change among females, with a significant increase in right-biased asymmetry and a concomitant reduction in sexual dimorphism. Relative to biomechanical properties, humeral length variation and asymmetry were low though some significant sexual dimorphism and temporal change was found. It was among females that the lateralization of humeral biomechanical properties, and variation within them, changed most profoundly through time. This suggests that the introduction of the ard and plow, metallurgical innovation, task specialization, and socioeconomic change through ∼5400 years of agriculture impacted upper limb loading in Central European women to a greater extent than men.

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“…A dominance of right handedness is found among recent humans, historic populations, fossil hominids but also nonhuman primates [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. Directional asymmetry of the upper limbs is also influenced by working conditions [16,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89], and working conditions differed between !Kung san males who followed a hunter gatherer subsistence and Kavango men who were horticultural pastoralists. On the other hand, directional asymmetry patterns triggered by handedness can also be interpreted as signs of fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen Levels and Body Size Are Associated with Directional as Well as Fluctuating Asymmetry Patterns in Adult !Kung San and Kavango Males from Northern Namibia

Kirchengast

Christiansen

2017

Symmetry

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Abstract:Fluctuating asymmetry is mainly interpreted as an indicator of developmental instability, while directional asymmetry of the upper limbs is associated with handedness. The association patterns between adult androgen levels and fluctuating as well directional asymmetry patterns are still unclear. In the present study, the association between adult androgen levels, body size and directional as well as fluctuating asymmetry pattern was tested among !Kung San and Kavango males from northern Namibia. Serum concentrations of testosterone (Tser) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) as well as salivary testosterone (Tsal) concentrations were obtained from 114 !Kung San and 136 Kavango men aged 18-40 years. Fluctuating and directional asymmetry were determined from eight paired traits. Signed and unsigned asymmetry, composite fluctuating and directional asymmetry were calculated. !Kung San males surpassed their Kavango counterparts in the directional asymmetry but also in composite directional asymmetry (CDA) significantly. Among !Kung San males, DHT correlated significantly negatively with parameters of fluctuating asymmetry as well as with parameters of directional asymmetry. Free testosterone of the saliva correlated significantly negatively with asymmetry of hand length. Among Kavango males, DHT is negatively associated with foot breadth asymmetry, but positively associated with wrist asymmetry. Although the correlations between asymmetry patterns and androgen levels are weak, it can be concluded that among !Kung San males adult androgen levels are negatively associated with a high quality phenotype.

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Stimulation of Bone Growth Through Sports

Cited by 137 publications

References 15 publications

Why is the humeral retroversion of throwing athletes greater in dominant shoulders than in nondominant shoulders?

Why is the humeral retroversion of throwing athletes greater in dominant shoulders than in nondominant shoulders?

Divergence in Male and Female Manipulative Behaviors with the Intensification of Metallurgy in Central Europe

Androgen Levels and Body Size Are Associated with Directional as Well as Fluctuating Asymmetry Patterns in Adult !Kung San and Kavango Males from Northern Namibia

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