Stimulation and Suppression of Innate Immune Function by American Ginseng Polysaccharides: Biological Relevance and Identification of Bioactives

Azike, Chike Godwin; Charpentier, Paul A.; Lui, Edmund M.K.

doi:10.1007/s11095-014-1503-3

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…In a clinical trial, Y-75 (Ginsan), an acidic polysaccharide extracted from Korean Panax ginseng, was shown to be an immunomodulator that significantly increased NK cell cytotoxic activity, and enhanced phagocytic activity of peripheral blood cells as well as serum TNF-α levels [ 115 ]. American ginseng root polysaccharides (AGRPS) stimulates immune function while simultaneously inhibiting the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory response [ 116 ]. Ginsenoside Rg1 stimulates lymphocyte proliferation drawn from 10 young and 19 elderly patients, and increased the lymphocyte membranes fluidity [ 117 ].…”

Section: Anti-aging Properties Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng: An Nonnegligible Natural Remedy for Healthy Aging

Yang¹,

Ren²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Aging and disease

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Aging is an irreversible physiological process that affects all humans. Numerous theories have been proposed to regarding the process from a Western medicine perspective; however, ancient Chinese medicine practices and theories have increasingly gained attention, particularly ginseng, a grass that has been studied for the anti-aging properties of its active constituents. This review seeks to analyze current data on ginseng and its anti-aging properties. The plant species, characteristics, and active ingredients will be introduced. The main part of this review is focused on ginseng and its active components with regards to their effects on prolonging lifespan, the regulation of multiple organ systems including cardiovascular, nervous, immune, and skin, as well as the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The molecular mechanisms of these properties elucidated via various studies are summarized as further evidence of the anti-aging effects of ginseng.

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Section: Anti-aging Properties Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng: An Nonnegligible Natural Remedy for Healthy Aging

Yang¹,

Ren²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Aging and disease

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“…In addition, ginsenoside Re and Rb1 protect cardiomyocytes against oxidative injury [32,33]. Furthermore, recent studies from our consortium show that polysaccharide fractions of ginseng extracts modulate immune response in cultured alveolar macrophages [34]. However, whether Re, Rb1 and/or polysaccharides mediated the cardioprotective effects of NA ginseng described in the current study remains to be determined in future studies.…”

Section: Ginseng Has Been Used As a Nutritional Supplement In East Asmentioning

confidence: 68%

North American ginseng inhibits myocardial NOX2-ERK1/2 signaling and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in endotoxemia

Qin

et al. 2016

Pharmacological Research

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“…To examine the role of NO in innate immunosuppression, cytokines (the commonly used biomarker of immune response) 18 including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in cartilage were determined. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were quantitatively measured by using an ELISA kit (Duo-Set; R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective role of nitric oxide-dependent innate immunosuppression in the early stage of cartilage damage in rats

Hsu

Lin

Jou

et al. 2017

Bone & Joint Research

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ObjectivesOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting approximately 15% of the human population. Recently, increased concentration of nitric oxide in serum and synovial fluid in patients with OA has been observed. However, the exact role of nitric oxide in the initiation of OA has not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of nitric oxide in innate immune regulation during OA initiation in rats.MethodsRat OA was induced by performing meniscectomy surgery while cartilage samples were collected 0, 7, and 14 days after surgery. Cartilage cytokine levels were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while other proteins were assessed by using Western blotResultsIn the time course of the study, nitric oxide was increased seven and 14 days after OA induction. Pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were decreased. L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) significantly decreased cartilage nitric oxide and blocked immune suppression. Further, L-NAME decreased Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) expression in meniscectomised rats.ConclusionNitric oxide-dependent innate immune suppression protects cartilage from damage in the early stages of OA initiation in rats.Cite this article: C-C. Hsu, C-L. Lin, I-M. Jou, P-H. Wang, J-S. Lee. The protective role of nitric oxide-dependent innate immunosuppression in the early stage of cartilage damage in rats: Role of nitric oxide in ca rtilage da mage. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:253–258. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.64.BJJ-2016-0161.R1.

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Stimulation and Suppression of Innate Immune Function by American Ginseng Polysaccharides: Biological Relevance and Identification of Bioactives

Abstract: AGRPS extract exerted immunostimulation and suppressed LPS immune response under basal and LPS induced proinflammatory conditions respectively.

Cited by 31 publications

References 64 publications

Ginseng: An Nonnegligible Natural Remedy for Healthy Aging

Ginseng: An Nonnegligible Natural Remedy for Healthy Aging

North American ginseng inhibits myocardial NOX2-ERK1/2 signaling and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in endotoxemia

The protective role of nitric oxide-dependent innate immunosuppression in the early stage of cartilage damage in rats

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