Stimulation and inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocytes phagocytosis by lipoamino acids isolated from Serratia marcescens

Miyazaki, Yosuke

doi:10.1016/0928-8244(93)90002-l

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The low concentration of OL-1 was also noticed in B. cepacia (6,47). OL stimulated phagocytosis in vitro (28). However, the biophysiological activity of OL from B. pseudomallei was not studied yet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Lipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Burkholderia pseudomallei Strains Isolated from Human and Environment in Viet Nam

Phung

Bich²,

Hotta

et al. 1995

Microbiology and Immunology

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Viet nam is known as an endemic area of melioidosis but its etiologic agent originated in Viet nam was not extensively studied. For the first time, we analyzed the cellular lipid and fatty acid compositions of 15 Vietnamese isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei, 10 from humans and 5 from the environment. Cellular lipid compositions were analyzed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on silica gel G plates. Cellular fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major lipids in all the isolates were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), two forms of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-1 and PE-2), and two forms of ornithine-containing lipid (OL-1 and OL-2). PE-1 contained non-hydroxy fatty acids at both sn-1 and -2 positions, while PE-2 possessed 2-hydroxy fatty acids and non-hydroxy fatty acids in a ratio of 1 : 1.Since snake venom phospholipase A2 digestion of PE-2 liberated 2-hydroxy fatty acids, it was confirmed that these acids are at the sn-2 position of glycerol moiety. In both OL-1 and OL-2, amide-linked fatty acid was 3-hydroxy palmitic acid (3-OH-C16 : 0), while ester-linked fatty acids were non-hydroxy acids in OL-1 and 2-hydroxy acids in OL-2. The total cellular fatty acid compositions of the test strains were characterized by the presence of 2-hydroxy palmitic (2-0H-C16 : 0), 2-hydroxy hexadecenoic (2-OH-C16 : 1), 2-hydroxy octadecenoic (2-0H-C18 : 1), 2-hydroxy methylene octadecanoic (2-0H-C19CPA), 3-hydroxy myristic (3-0H-C14 : 0) and 3-hydroxy palmitic (3-0H-C16 : 0) acids. There were significant differences in the concentration of hexadecenoic (C16 : 1), methylene hexadecanoic (C17CPA), octadecenoic (C18 : 1) and methylene octadecanoic (C19CPA) acids among the Vietnamese isolates of B. pseudomallei. However, no significant difference was observed in cellular lipid and fatty acid components between strains of human and environmental origins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Lipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Burkholderia pseudomallei Strains Isolated from Human and Environment in Viet Nam

Phung

Bich²,

Hotta

et al. 1995

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…After 7 days of infection with cytolysin negative strains (3 × 10 9 CFU) all mice survived, while mice injected with cytolysin positive strains (≥10 9 CFU) died within 4–5 h [43]. Subsequently, cytolysin positive variants were shown to lyse mouse erythrocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils [44]. Toxicity due to cytolysin was also determined in a rabbit endocarditis model, whereby cytolysin and aggregation substance positive strains were lethal in 55 percent of infections, versus 15 percent in animals infected with only aggregation substance positive strains [45].…”

Section: Cytolysin and Toxicity Of Enterococcal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypothetically, the ability to lyse intestinal epithelial cells may allow E. faecalis to access the blood stream in order to travel to and colonize distant sites, such as the heart valve. Additionally, the ability to lyse mouse neutrophils and macrophages might contribute to immune evasion [44]. Other E. faecalis products, such as gelatinase and capsular polysaccharides, have been shown to help the bacteria to circumvent host immunity [55,56], but the precise role that the cytolysin might play in immune evasion is still unknown.…”

Section: Cytolysin and Toxicity Of Enterococcal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, Function, and Biology of the Enterococcus faecalis Cytolysin

Tyne

Martin

Gilmore

2013

Toxins

143

110

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Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal member of the gut microbiota of a wide range of organisms. With the advent of antibiotic therapy, it has emerged as a multidrug resistant, hospital-acquired pathogen. Highly virulent strains of E. faecalis express a pore-forming exotoxin, called cytolysin, which lyses both bacterial and eukaryotic cells in response to quorum signals. Originally described in the 1930s, the cytolysin is a member of a large class of lanthionine-containing bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria. While the cytolysin shares some core features with other lantibiotics, it possesses unique characteristics as well. The current understanding of cytolysin biosynthesis, structure/function relationships, and contribution to the biology of E. faecalis are reviewed, and opportunities for using emerging technologies to advance this understanding are discussed.

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“…The older literature on this topic is mainly concerned with lipoamino acids of bacterial origin (Batrakov et al, 2000;Kawai et al, 1990;Kawazoe et al, 1991;Lerouge et al, 1988;Miyazaki et al, 1993). These involve amino acid conjugation with complex and unusual fatty acids and little is known about their function in bacteria.…”

Section: Lipoamino Acids (Fatty Acid-amino Acid Conjugates): General mentioning

confidence: 99%

The elmiric acids: Biologically active anandamide analogs

Burstein

2008

Neuropharmacology

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SummaryAs chemical entities, lipoamino acids have been known for some time. However, more recently their occurrence and importance in mammalian species has been discovered. They appear to have close relationships with the endocannabinoids not only structurally but also in terms of biological actions. The latter include analgesia, anti-inflammatory effects, inhibition of cell proliferation and calcium ion mobilization. To date about 40 naturally occurring members of this family have been identified and, additionally, several synthetic analogs have been prepared and studied. To facilitate their identity, a nomenclature system has been suggested based on the name elmiric acid (EMA). The prototypic example, N-arachidonoyl glycine does not bind to CB1, however it does inhibit the glycine transporter GLYT2a and also appears to be a ligand for the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18. It may also have a role in regulating tissue levels of anandamide by virtue of its inhibitory effect on FAAH the enzyme that mediates inactivation of anandamide. Its concentration in rat brain is several fold higher than anandamide supporting its possible role as a physiological mediator. Future studies should be aimed at elucidating the actions of all of the members of this interesting family of molecules. Keywordsendocannabinoid; lipoamino acid; eicosanoid; elmiric acid; inflammation; anandamide Lipoamino acids (fatty acid-amino acid conjugates): general considerationsThe older literature on this topic is mainly concerned with lipoamino acids of bacterial origin (Batrakov et al., 2000;Kawai et al., 1990;Kawazoe et al., 1991;Lerouge et al., 1988;Miyazaki et al., 1993). These involve amino acid conjugation with complex and unusual fatty acids and little is known about their function in bacteria.More recently, attention has been given to lipoamino acids present in mammalian species in part because of their possible relationships to the endocannabinoids. The closely related analog of anandamide, N-arachidonylglycine (NAGly), is in a sense, a comparable acid analog to anandamide as the THC metabolite, THC-11-oic acid is to THC. NAGly is an endogenous substance found in rat brain and other sites that occurs in amounts greater than the closely related endocannabinoid, anandamide (Huang et al., 2001). However, the origin of NAGly in vivo is not completely understood. Sumner.Burstein@umassmed.edu, Tel: 508-856-2850, Fax: 508-856-2003. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Prior reports (Burstein et al. 1997;Huang et al., 2001), suggest that NAGly might have analgesic properties similar to tho...

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Stimulation and inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocytes phagocytosis by lipoamino acids isolated from Serratia marcescens

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Cellular Lipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Burkholderia pseudomallei Strains Isolated from Human and Environment in Viet Nam

Cellular Lipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Burkholderia pseudomallei Strains Isolated from Human and Environment in Viet Nam

Structure, Function, and Biology of the Enterococcus faecalis Cytolysin

The elmiric acids: Biologically active anandamide analogs

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