Stimulating a Cooperative Spirit? Public Health and U.S.-Bolivia Relations in the 1950s

Pacino, Nicole

doi:10.1093/dh/dhw054

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Un elemento concurrente a esta cultura de la supervivencia fue el contexto político peruano, el cual estuvo hegemonizado durante el periodo más importante de la actividad del SCISP, por el gobierno de Odría, que desplegó un populismo que impregnó las acciones de asistencia social (32) . La "cultura de la sobrevivencia", era muy funcional al pragmatismo de un gobierno como el de Odría; totalmente alineado con los intereses norteamericanos y que por lo tanto, no tenía incentivos para negociar políticamente la posibilidad de desarrollar algunas iniciativas locales que llevaran a la cooperación norteamericana a acciones orientadas a fortalecer una agenda política local, cosa distinta a lo ocurrido en Bolivia, donde el gobierno de Paz Estensoro negoció con el gobierno de los Estados Unidos, a partir del SCISP, la implementación de programas de salud orientados al mundo rural (33,34) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Servicio Cooperativo Interamericano de Salud Pública: Una historia de 20 años de colaboración con el Perú

2019

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Este artículo presenta información bibliográfica y testimonial sobre la historia del Servicio Cooperativo Interamericano de Salud Pública (SCISP) en el Perú durante el período 1942-1962, en el contexto de la aplicación de la “Política del Buen Vecino” del Gobierno de Estados Unidos en sus relaciones con América Latina. Los propósitos de este artículo son, primero, tratar sobre los alcances y limitaciones de los programas de tecnificación y modernización sanitaria que desarrolló el SCISP en nuestro país y, segundo, analizar la importancia de sus programas de adiestramiento y de capacitación en la constitución de una generación de sanitaristas que en el año 1962 definieron consensualmente los principios doctrinarios de una salud pública nacional, enraizada en la realidad local, que orientaron las intenciones de la política sanitaria oficial en las siguientes décadas.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Servicio Cooperativo Interamericano de Salud Pública: Una historia de 20 años de colaboración con el Perú

2019

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“…52 He was also part of a generation of medical professionals that benefitted from U.S.-based organizations' activities, including the Rockefeller Foundation and the State Department's Servicio Cooperativo Interamericano de Salud Pública, a bilateral health organization supported by the U.S. and Bolivian governments. 53 His 1953 treatise was not the first time he identified racial composition and poor nutrition as issues requiring public health intervention; he voiced similar concerns in a 1946 report on national sanitary services published in the Boletín de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. 54 His emphasis on underpopulation as a principal area of concern in 1953, however, was new, showing that pronatalism coupled with nationalism not only predated the Peace Corps scandal, but also that the 1950s were a link between the soft eugenics of the early twentieth century and the aggressive anti-U.S. sentiment of the late 1960s and early 1970s.…”

Section: Pronatalism As Discourse and Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Confronting Bolivia's "Lack of Demographic Capacity": Protonatalism in Post-Revolutionary Bolivia, 1950s-1970s

Pacino

2023

jbla

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After coming to power in April 1952, the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) looked to address Bolivia’s economic problems, in part, through initiatives encouraging population growth. A 1953 report highlighted underpopulation as a cause of Bolivia’s limited economic potential. The solution to Bolivia’s “lack of demographic capacity” was public health measures that would lower morbidity and mortality rates and encourage reproduction to boost the country’s human capital. This article analyzes prevalent pronatalist tendencies in the MNR government, including positive eugenics and criticism of birth control, to demonstrate the centrality of population growth to the MNR’s political and economic agenda. At a time when other Latin American countries began implementing population control measures as a pathway to economic growth and political stability, as recommended by the United States and international organizations, Bolivia diverged from global discourses about overpopulation and embraced pronatalism. While the MNR welcomed some global development ideologies associated with modernization, they rejected population control and reframed population debates towards population growth and demographic reorganization. They married pronatalism with a modernizing agenda and revolutionary nationalism, demonstrating that MNR policies were fundamentally conservative on matters of reproduction and gender roles.

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“…They were generally Bolivians affiliated with the MSP or SCISP. SCISP provided the funding for these health centers and mobile units to operate, but Bolivian nationals, trained by U.S.-based SCISP technicians and educated in the United States, staffed these centers and oversaw their daily operations (Pacino, 2017). Many of these local health workers were not originally from these communities-they were stationed in rural areas either as part of SCISP's training program or as a result of a 1956 governmental decree requiring all medical school graduates to serve in the provinces for two years before receiving their license (Costa Ardúz, 2000: 86).…”

Section: Nutrition On the National Level: The Problem Of The Malnourimentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular Conversations and Missed Opportunities: Hierarchies of Nutrition Expertise in Post-Revolutionary Bolivia

Pacino

2018

Rev.CS

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Chronic malnutrition was one of the health problems the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario tackled after the 1952 Bolivian National Revolution. Actors working on the local, national, and international levels had different definitions of nutrition, understandings of the problem, and proposed solutions. These debates demonstrate the existence of hierarchies of expertise; national officials deemed knowledge about nutrition produced outside of Bolivia more valuable than that created by Bolivians working on the local level. These hierarchies of expertise caused tensions, miscommunications, and circular conversations that stymied the development of effective and efficient national programs.

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Stimulating a Cooperative Spirit? Public Health and U.S.-Bolivia Relations in the 1950s

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Servicio Cooperativo Interamericano de Salud Pública: Una historia de 20 años de colaboración con el Perú

Servicio Cooperativo Interamericano de Salud Pública: Una historia de 20 años de colaboración con el Perú

Confronting Bolivia's "Lack of Demographic Capacity": Protonatalism in Post-Revolutionary Bolivia, 1950s-1970s

Circular Conversations and Missed Opportunities: Hierarchies of Nutrition Expertise in Post-Revolutionary Bolivia

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