Stimulated Wood's anomalies on laser-illuminated surfaces

Abstract

Abstruct-Spontaneous, highly periodic, often permanent surface gratings or "ripples" can develop on the surface of almost any solid or liquid material illuminated by a single laser beam of sufficient intensity, under either pulsed or CW conditions. The grating periods are such that the incident laser beam is diffracted into a tangential wave which skims just along or under the illuminated surface. These spontaneously appearing surface ripples are generated by a runaway growth process analogous to stimulated Brillouin or Raman scattering or smallscale self focusing, but having many of the same properties as Wood's anomalies in diffraction gratings. Hence, it seems appropriate to refer to these spontaneous surface structures as "stimulated Wood's anomalies."

Structure formation on the surface of indium phosphide irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses

“…The generation of ripples upon laser irradiation is a universal phenomenon, [2][3][4] even if the exact physical mechanism and their occurrence can depend on the irradiated material and the irradiation parameters.…”

Effects of ion and nanosecond-pulsed laser co-irradiation on the surface nanostructure of Au thin films on SiO2 glass substrates

“…Generally, LIPSS are formed as a result of the interference between the incident laser light and the scattered waves on the surface, [27][28][29][30] which enhances the interactions between the laser light and material. For example, the temperature of the Au thin films rapidly increases and decreases during nanosecond-pulsed laser irradiation, causing the Au thin films to alternately melt and solidify.…”

“…LIPSS formation strongly depends on the laser wavelength, electric field vector, and polarization direction. [27][28][29][30] For example, Kiesow et al 28 generated periodic Au nanostructures in Au nanoparticle-containing polymer films on glass substrates by short-pulsed laser irradiation.…”

“…31 LIPSS formation strongly depended on the laser energy density, number of laser pulses, and electric field vector of the incident laser. 27 of the above studies, we decided to investigate the effects of Ar þ ion beam and nanosecond-pulsed laser co-irradiation on the formation of Au/SiO 2 nanostructures. We anticipate that co-irradiation will accelerate the formation of periodic structures because of our previous results showing that the LSPR frequency depended on the morphology (size, embedded depth, and interparticle distance) of the formed nanostructures.…”

Femtosecond laser-induced microstructures on Ti substrates for reduced cell adhesion

“…The best results regarding suppression of cell growth were obtained on spike structures which were additionally electrochemically oxidized under acidic conditions. feedback phenomena into characteristic self-ordered surface morphologies, such as nanometric laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) [10][11][12][13] or micrometer-sized grooves and conical spikes [14,15]. The feedback mechanism during repetitive treatments selects specific spatial periods of the roughness distribution that can absorb radiation better [16].…”