Stimulated Salivary Flow Rate in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

Background: Reduced salivary flow has been reported in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) treatment. Our aim was to investigate the most important factors associated with stimulated salivary flow rate (ssfr) in chronic HD patients. Methods: Fifty HD patients (27 F, 23 M, mean age 46. 7 ± 13.2 years) were divided into two groups according to the duration of HD treatment as those receiving HD therapy less than or equal to (group I) or those more than (group II) 24 months. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine hepatitis B and C serology, and biochemical and hematological parameters before a HD session. After prestimulation with a standard weight paraffin wax, stimulated saliva was collected in the HD patients and control group (23 F, 25 M, mean age 45.7 ± 19.1 years) and the flow rate was expressed as ml/min. Results: Both HD groups consisted of 25 patients. There was no significant difference between the two HD groups other than serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and presence of HCV. The ssfr was decreased than controls in both groups (0.8 ± 0.6 and 0.7 ± 0.4, respectively, vs. 1.5 ± 0.5 ml/min) and it did not correlate with any parameter. Smoking had a positive effect on ssfr in all groups. Conclusion: Although the salivary flow rate decreased significantly in chronic HD patients, the duration of therapy displayed no effect on the salivary changes in HD patients, but smoking increased ssfr.

Effect of Acupressure on Thirst in Hemodialysis Patients

“…Only 2 patients reach the normal range salivary flow rate of 0.3 ml/min at baseline, with the mean salivary flow rates before acupressure program being 0.10 8 0.09 ml/min. These results indicate that subjects in this study had more hyposalivation than reported in previous studies [4,[26][27] . This may be attributed to the differences in sample inclusion criteria, since all participants in this study had thirst as a symptom.…”

Analysis of Salivary Flow, pH, Buffer Capacity, and Creatinine in Individuals Undergoing Hemodialysis

“…Results on SSFR, BC, and pH revealed that the variables at the three sessions of hemodialysis presented no significant difference from the results of healthy subjects. These findings were unexpected as they are in direct contrast with the findings from most studies in the literature [28,29], which have reported a significantly reduced mean salivary flow in uremic patients. According to these authors, the quantitative change in salivary flow is directly associated with uremia involving salivary glands and a lower degree of hydration due to the restriction of fluid ingestion.…”

Cigarette Smoking and Dental Caries among Professional Truck Drivers in Mexico

“…Saliva has a fundamental role in protecting teeth against dental caries, starting by creating a pellicle of salivary proteins that inhibits enamel demineralization [Bullón et al, 1997;van Nieuw Amerongen et al, 2004]. While some reports have suggested that tobacco use leads to a transient decline in the availability of saliva in the mouth [Sreebny et al,1998], other studies have shown that salivary flow actually increases during tobacco use, or had no discernible differences between smokers and nonsmokers [Pangborn and Sharon, 1971;Bayraktar et al, 2002].…”

“…Saliva pH changes have also been cited as likely variables modifying caries risk, with reports suggesting that pH transiently increases while smoking, and after smoking decreases; in some cases, it stays at lower levels [Bayraktar et al, 2002]. At least one report has indicated that tobacco users have a diminished buffering capability [Liede et al, 1999], which in turn might support bacterial changes implicated in dental/oral conditions such as increased Lactobacilli [Sirpa et al, 1999] or Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans [Edgerton et al, 2000;van Nieuw Amerongen et al, 2004] among smokers.…”