Stimulated myoblast differentiation on graphene oxide-impregnated PLGA-collagen hybrid fibre matrices

Abstract

Background: Electrospinning is a simple and effective method for fabricating micro-and nanofiber matrices. Electrospun fibre matrices have numerous advantages for use as tissue engineering scaffolds, such as high surface area-to-volume ratio, mass production capability and structural similarity to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, electrospun matrices, which are composed of biocompatible polymers and various biomaterials, have been developed as biomimetic scaffolds for the tissue engineering applications. In particular, graphene oxide (GO) has recently been considered as a novel biomaterial for skeletal muscle regeneration because it can promote the growth and differentiation of myoblasts. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to fabricate the hybrid fibre matrices that stimulate myoblasts differentiation for skeletal muscle regeneration. Results: Hybrid fibre matrices composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid, PLGA) and collagen (Col) impregnated with GO (GO-PLGA-Col) were successfully fabricated using an electrospinning process. Our results indicated that the GO-PLGA-Col hybrid matrices were comprised of randomly-oriented continuous fibres with a three-dimensional non-woven porous structure. Compositional analysis showed that GO was dispersed uniformly throughout the GO-PLGA-Col matrices. In addition, the hydrophilicity of the fabricated matrices was significantly increased by blending with a small amount of Col and GO. The attachment and proliferation of the C2C12 skeletal myoblasts were significantly enhanced on the GO-PLGA-Col hybrid matrices. Furthermore, the GO-PLGA-Col matrices stimulated the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts, which was enhanced further under the culture conditions of the differentiation media. Conclusions: Taking our findings into consideration, it is suggested that the GO-PLGA-Col hybrid fibre matrices can be exploited as potential biomimetic scaffolds for skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration because these GO-impregnated hybrid matrices have potent effects on the induction of spontaneous myogenesis and exhibit superior bioactivity and biocompatibility.

Electroactive graphene oxide‐incorporated collagen assisting vascularization for cardiac tissue engineering

“…Figure shows the FT‐IR spectra of GO flakes, Col, and Col–GO‐90 scaffolds with the corresponding reduced sample. For GO flakes, peaks at 1054 cm −1 were related to the alkoxy group, and those at 1620 and 1728 cm −1 were both attributed to the carboxyl group (COOH) . Infra‐red spectra of the Col scaffold showed amide I, II, III, and A group peaks at 1645, 1549, 1243, and 3315 cm −1 , respectively .…”

“…Moreover, GO with concentrations of 3000 and 5000 μg/mL enhanced cell proliferation within gelatin methacryloyl matrixes . In a study by Shin et al, it was demonstrated that a GO–PLGA–Col scaffold showed no toxicity and the composite matrix with concentrations of 10,000 μg/mL also exhibited cell attachment and proliferation better than that of PLGA‐Col composites . Two recent studies showed no toxicity for Col–GO scaffolds with GO concentrations of 1000 and 2000 μg/mL .…”

“…The presence of oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface of GO can prevent irreversible agglomeration . Recently, it has been demonstrated that GO has good biocompatibility and can enhance the mechanical properties of scaffolds and promote cellular behaviors, such as cell attachment and cell differentiation in various tissue engineering applications . As an example, Lee et al stated that graphene could increase cardiomyogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) compared to that of culture on glass or Matrigel, possibly owing to the graphene nanoroughness.…”

Hierarchically aligned fibrous hydrogel films through microfluidic self‐assembly of graphene and polysaccharides

“…Several studies have fabricated highly interconnected and porous graphene aerogels (Qiu et al, 2014), and other nanocomposites such as graphene with PLGA (Ahadian, Ostrovidon et al, 2013;Jun, Jeong, & Shin, 2009;Shin et al, 2015).…”

Recent advances in bioactive 1D and 2D carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications

“…163 Electrospun PLGA-collagen impregnated GO fibers were also observed to promote adhesion and proliferation of C2C12 cells. 164 In another recent study, conductive PCL-graphene composite scaffolds promoted the adhesion and proliferation of C2C12 cells, as well as inducing the differentiation of these cells into multinucleated myotubes in a concentration-dependent manner. 165 Stem cell based-treatments remain as promising strategies for cardiac regeneration, but despite the ability of MSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro, their clinical efficacy is quite low.…”