Stimulated expression of TNF-α and IL-8, but not of lingual antimicrobial peptide reflects the concentration of pathogens contacting bovine mammary epithelial cells

Günther, Juliane; Liu, Shuzhen; Esch, Kathrin; Schuberth, H. J.; Seyfert, Hans Martin

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.11.004

Cited by 45 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We note that the induction kinetics for these factors are grossly different between both studies. We observed a strong downregulation of the mRNA concentration for all these cytokines, commencing 1 to 3 h p.i., as has often been found (17,26,49,58) but which was not recorded in the that study (15). We cannot conclusively reconcile these differences.…”

Section: Vol 79 2011 Kinetics Of Pathogen-specific Immune Response contrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Also, the induction of this gene is retarded compared to that with the E. coli stimulation. Conceivably, increasing the challenge dose might speed up the induction of IL-6 expression, following our own experiences regarding the dosage-dependent kinetics of cytokine expression in this cell system (17). However, increasing the challenge intensity would conceivably also accelerate the induction kinetics subsequent to the E. coli stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Total protein was extracted from unstimulated pbMEC and from cells challenged for 2 or 4 h with 10 7 cells/ml of either heat-inactivated S. aureus 1027 or E. coli 1303 particles. Cell lysates were prepared as described previously (17). Twenty micrograms of total lysate protein was separated on 12% polyacrylamide gels (Mini-Protean TGX; Bio-Rad, Munich, Germany) and transferred onto 0.2 M nitrocellulose membranes (Pall Corporation, Port Washington, NY) by semidry electrophoretic transfer (Trans-Blot SD; Bio-Rad).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMEC) are an established model for the molecular analysis of immune defense mechanisms in the udder (17,49,58). We recently characterized their substantial potential to express sentinel as well as effector genes of immune defense subsequent to stimulation with heat-killed particles of E. coli (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative Kinetics ofEscherichia coli- andStaphylococcus aureus-Specific Activation of Key Immune Pathways in Mammary Epithelial Cells Demonstrates ThatS. aureusElicits a Delayed Response Dominated by Interleukin-6 (IL-6) but Not by IL-1A or Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

et al. 2011

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Infections of the udder by Escherichia coli very often elicit acute inflammation, while Staphylococcus aureus infections tend to cause mild, subclinical inflammation and persistent infections. The molecular causes underlying the different disease patterns are poorly understood. We therefore profiled the kinetics and extents of global changes in the transcriptome of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (MEC) after challenging them with heat-inactivated preparations of E. coli or S. aureus pathogens. E. coli swiftly and strongly induced an expression of cytokines and bactericidal factors. S. aureus elicited a retarded response and failed to quickly induce an expression of bactericidal factors. Both pathogens induced similar patterns of chemokines for cell recruitment into the udder, but E. coli stimulated their synthesis much faster and stronger. The genes that are exclusively and most strongly upregulated by E. coli may be clustered into a regulatory network with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in a central position. In contrast, the expression of these master cytokines is barely regulated by S. aureus. Both pathogens quickly trigger an enhanced expression of IL-6. This is still possible after completely abrogating MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in MEC. The E. coli-specific strong induction of TNF-␣ and IL-1 expression may be causative for the severe inflammatory symptoms of animals suffering from E. coli mastitis, while the avoidance to quickly induce the synthesis of bactericidal factors may support the persistent survival of S. aureus within the udder. We suggest that S. aureus subverts the MyD88-dependent activation of immune gene expression in MEC.

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Section: Vol 79 2011 Kinetics Of Pathogen-specific Immune Response contrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Kinetics ofEscherichia coli- andStaphylococcus aureus-Specific Activation of Key Immune Pathways in Mammary Epithelial Cells Demonstrates ThatS. aureusElicits a Delayed Response Dominated by Interleukin-6 (IL-6) but Not by IL-1A or Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

et al. 2011

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“…Sensing the pathogen and initiating an immune response depends on the initial number of bacteria present at the start of the IMI. Increase the initial challenge dose of E. coli resulted in faster immune response in primiparous cows (Vangroenweghe et al, 2004;Schukken et al, 2011), which the extend of induced cytokines synthesis, such as TNF-α and IL-8, in mammary epithelial cells positively correlated with the concentration of E. coli particles (Guntler et al, 2010). Congruently, expression of IL-8 and Interferon (IFN)-γ by milk somatic cells was increased in E. coli challenged mammary glands .…”

Section: Mastitis Caused By Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 98%

The Innate Immunity in Bovine Mastitis: The Role of Pattern-Recognition Receptors

Souza¹

2012

American Journal of Immunology

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Mastitis is the most costly disease for dairy farmers and industry, which are mainly caused by the entry of bacteria to the teat canal. Shortly after the entry of the invading bacteria, the innate immunity recognizes the invading pathogen through pattern recognition receptors and initiates the inflammatory response necessary to eliminate the invading bacteria. This initial inflammatory response releases cytokines and chemoattractants for the rapid and massive influx of neutrophils from the blood to the site of infection which form the first line of cellular defense against bacteria This article reviewed the role of the most recent knowledge regarding the innate immunity in bovine mastitis focusing in the two major mastitis pathogens: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus the S. aureus appears to mostly circumvent the host immune response, as the Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) signaling pathways. The Intramammary Infections (IMIs) by this bacteria result in a very moderate host response with minimal observable innate immune response, which are related to well-known ability to this pathogen to establish chronic IMI. Otherwise, E. coli elicits a strong and earlier response, mainly through TLR4, that is associated with the severity of the mastitis and the clinical manifestation commonly observed in dairy cows infected with this pathogen. Suboptimal and dysfunctional mammary defenses may contribute to the development of severe acute inflammation or chronic mastitis that adversely affects the milk production and quality. Thus, a better understanding of mastitis pathogen interaction to the host may be useful for future control of mastitis.

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Polymorphisms of the IL8 gene correlate with milking traits, SCS and mRNA level in Chinese Holstein

Chen

Yang

et al. 2010

Mol Biol Rep

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To explore the relation of Interleukin-8 (IL8) gene polymorphism with immunity against mastitis in dairy cow, the polymorphism of IL8 gene was investigated in 610 Chinese Holstein cow from 30 bull families in a dairy farm in Shanghai using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique, and milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, 305 day corrected milk yield, 305 day milk fat yield, 305 day milk protein yield and somatic cell score (SCS) were measured and analyzed, and the mRNA levels of IL8 genotypes in blood were detected by real-time PCR. The results showed that three genotypes, KK, KA and AA were detected with frequencies of 0.187, 0.451, and 0.362, respectively. The gene frequencies of K and A were 0.412 and 0.588, respectively. The significant association of the IL8 mutations with milk yield, 305 day milk protein yield, 305 day corrected milk yield and 305 day milk fat yield, SCS, and significant association with milk protein percentage were identified, while their association with milk fat percentage were not significant. KK had higher milk yield, 305 day milk protein yield, 305 day corrected milk yield and 305 day milk fat yield than AA or KA, and the least square mean of SCS of KK was significantly lower than that of AA or KA. AA had significant lower milk protein yield than KK or KA. The relative IL8 mRNA level of KK in blood was the highest. These findings demonstrated that IL8 genotype significantly correlated with mastitis resistance and the locus could be a useful genetic marker for mastitis resistance selection and breeding in Chinese Holstein.

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Stimulated expression of TNF-α and IL-8, but not of lingual antimicrobial peptide reflects the concentration of pathogens contacting bovine mammary epithelial cells

Cited by 45 publications

References 26 publications

Comparative Kinetics ofEscherichia coli- andStaphylococcus aureus-Specific Activation of Key Immune Pathways in Mammary Epithelial Cells Demonstrates ThatS. aureusElicits a Delayed Response Dominated by Interleukin-6 (IL-6) but Not by IL-1A or Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

Comparative Kinetics ofEscherichia coli- andStaphylococcus aureus-Specific Activation of Key Immune Pathways in Mammary Epithelial Cells Demonstrates ThatS. aureusElicits a Delayed Response Dominated by Interleukin-6 (IL-6) but Not by IL-1A or Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

The Innate Immunity in Bovine Mastitis: The Role of Pattern-Recognition Receptors

Polymorphisms of the IL8 gene correlate with milking traits, SCS and mRNA level in Chinese Holstein

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