Stimulated Brillouin Cavity Optomechanics in Liquid Droplets

Giorgini, A.; Avino, S.; Malara, P.; Natale, P. De; Yannai, Michael; Carmon, Tal; Gagliardi, G.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.073902

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In a recent paper, we experimentally demonstrated optical amplification of hypersonic waves circumferentially resonating in a stable droplet [61]. Co-resonating acoustic- and electromagnetic whispering-gallery modes that interact to exchange energy and momentum within the liquid cavity via stimulated Brillouin scattering are involved, thus enabling an optofluidic ultrasound– hypersound laser.…”

Section: Droplet Cavity Opto-mechanics With Brillouin-stimulated Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SBS in high-Q micro-resonators is thus possible when a triply-resonant condition is satisfied within the cavity for the pump, Stokes and acoustic waves. This task can be accomplished in multiple-mode resonators if the inter-modal distance equals the pump-Stokes frequency difference, which is made easier by the ability to change the optical WGM spatial distribution and transverse order [61,62].…”

Section: Droplet Cavity Opto-mechanics With Brillouin-stimulated Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, from momentum conservation, two interacting WGMs must exhibit azimuthal mode numbers where m s − m l = m a , with m a given by Equation (10). Expressing the phase-matching condition in terms of the WGM wavenumbers for a spherical micro-resonator, one obtains an analytical relation for the azimuthal mode number and the radial numbers (i.e., the qth zeros of the Airy function) in terms of the acoustic angular momentum number [61], which suggests that the coupling between the two neighboring optical modes can be optimized acting on their transverse orders.…”

Section: Droplet Cavity Opto-mechanics With Brillouin-stimulated Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 12, sharp dips appear on the droplet transmission with decreasing laser wavelength (increasing frequency). On the backward scan, instead, strongly broadened and asymmetric resonance WGM lineshapes manifest due to thermally-induced nonlinearities due to the intra-cavity build-up [35,61]. This effect leads to a self-locking mechanism that drives the laser in the vicinity of the resonance without the need for any active feedback system.…”

Section: Droplet Cavity Opto-mechanics With Brillouin-stimulated Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid Droplet Microresonators

Giorgini

Avino

Malara

et al. 2019

Sensors

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We provide here an overview of passive optical micro-cavities made of droplets in the liquid phase. We focus on resonators that are naturally created and suspended under gravity thanks to interfacial forces, illustrating simple ways to excite whispering-gallery modes in various slow-evaporation liquids using free-space optics. Similar to solid resonators, frequency locking of near-infrared and visible lasers to resonant modes is performed exploiting either phase-sensitive detection of the leakage cavity field or multiple interference between whispering-gallery modes in the scattered light. As opposed to conventional micro-cavity sensors, each droplet acts simultaneously as the sensor and the sample, whereby the internal light can detect dissolved compounds and particles. Optical quality factors up to 107–108 are observed in liquid-polymer droplets through photon lifetime measurements. First attempts in using single water droplets are also reported. These achievements point out their huge potential for direct spectroscopy and bio-chemical sensing in liquid environments. Finally, the first experiments of cavity optomechanics with surface acoustic waves in nanolitre droplets are presented. The possibility to perform studies of viscous-elastic properties points to a new paradigm: a droplet device as an opto-fluid-mechanics laboratory on table-top scale under controlled environmental conditions.

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Section: Droplet Cavity Opto-mechanics With Brillouin-stimulated Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Droplet Cavity Opto-mechanics With Brillouin-stimulated Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Droplet Cavity Opto-mechanics With Brillouin-stimulated Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Droplet Cavity Opto-mechanics With Brillouin-stimulated Smentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Liquid Droplet Microresonators

Giorgini

Avino

Malara

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…An efficient interaction between acoustical and optical resonances within the droplet can result in stimulated Brillouin scattering, allowing the droplet to perform as a hypersound laser [144]. Moreover, droplets of other liquids, such as glycerol, have been used to perform high-resolution humidity sensing [145].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing two-dimensional quantum fluids with cavity optomechanics

Sachkou¹

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Superfluidity is an emergent quantum phenomenon intrinsic to a wide range of condensed matter systems, such as ultracold quantum gases, polaritons, and superfluid helium. It had been long believed that condensation into the superfluid phase in two-dimensional matter is precluded due to thermal fluctuations, which destroy the long-range phase coherence. However, superfluidity was experimentally observed in a variety of two-dimensional physical systems. The key to superfluid topological phase transitions is quantized vortices. These elementary excitations and their interactions with phonons and rotons-other types of elementary excitations-determine the dynamics of twodimensional quantum fluids. Dynamics of superfluids with weak atom-atom interactions, such as Bose-Einstein condensates in dilute gases, are typically well described within the framework of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Moreover, behaviour of weakly interacting quantum fluids is subject to an exquisite experimental control enabled by advanced methods of quantum optics. In contrast, a complete microscopic model for superfluids with strong atom-atom interactions, such as superfluid helium, is still an active area of research. This is accompanied by the absence of experimental methods capable of probing thermodynamics and microscopic behaviour of strongly interacting quantum fluids both in real time, and nondestructively in a single shot. The major goal of the research presented in this thesis is to bring a comprehensive level of control to strongly interacting two-dimensional quantum fluids, such as superfluid helium. We achieve this by leveraging methods of cavity optomechanics, which provides a toolkit for ultraprecise optical readout of superfluid dynamics. The optomechanical system reported in this thesis is comprised of a whispering-gallery-mode optical microcavity coated with a few-nanometer thick film of superfluid helium. The combination of the small electromagnetic mode volume and the high optical quality factor of these microcavities enables enhanced light-matter interactions at the interface of such a device, allowing the microscopic dynamics of two-dimensional superfluid helium to be probed with unprecedented resolution and precision. Throughout this thesis we first describe the theoretical aspects of coupling between light, confined within a high-quality whispering-gallery-mode microcavity, and the mechanical motion of a superfluid helium film. Experimental realization of such an optomechanical system allowed us, for the first time, to track thermomechanical motion of superfluid helium in real time, i.e. faster than the oscillator's decay timescale. Furthermore, by damping and amplifying sound waves on superfluid thin films, we show the ability to control thermal motion of a quantum fluid. Exploiting our superfluid optomechanical system, we also demonstrate a new approach to generating strong microphotonic forces on a chip in cryogenic conditions. Utilising the superfluid fountain effect, we are able to control superfluid flow, which is dir...

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Ice Microsphere Optical Cavities

Li,

Cui,

et al. 2024

Advanced Optical Materials

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Whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical microcavities have played an essential role in both fundamental research and practical applications, such as cavity quantum electrodynamics, optomechanics, microlasers, and optical sensors. While microcavities made of various materials (e.g., SiO2, As2S3, polymethylmethacrylate) have been extensively investigated, exploiting new materials for microcavities holds great promise for expanding the functionalities of the microcavities. As one of the most ubiquitous and important solids on earth's surface, ice exhibits intriguing optical properties that render it an excellent material for optical applications. Here, ice microsphere optical cavities are demonstrated for the first time. By rapidly freezing water microdroplets, ice microspheres are batch‐fabricated with relatively smooth surfaces and diameters of 5–50 µm. Excitation of a series of WGMs within ice microsphere cavities is achieved over a broad spectral range from near‐ultraviolet to near‐infrared region (380–1600 nm) with quality factors up to 1.4 × 103. Considering the extremely low absorption coefficient of ice in the ultraviolet, this work provides an exceptional platform for exploring ultraviolet microcavity photonics and its diverse applications.

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Stimulated Brillouin Cavity Optomechanics in Liquid Droplets

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Liquid Droplet Microresonators

Liquid Droplet Microresonators

Probing two-dimensional quantum fluids with cavity optomechanics

Ice Microsphere Optical Cavities

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