Stimulated Activity of Natural Enemies of Nematodes

Linford, M. B.

doi:10.1126/science.85.2196.123

Cited by 104 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A parsimonious explanation of the striking similarity of spatial patterns among functional guilds representing EPNs, NF and FLBNs in this citrus orchard is provided by Linford's hypothesis that the addition of organic matter to soil causes rapid population growth of free living nematodes followed by natural enemies of free living nematodes (Cooke, 1962;Linford, 1937;Linford et al, 1938). The survey site contained soils in the Candler Sand and Tavares fine sand series, both characterized by very low silt, clay and organic matter content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide interguild relationships among entomopathogenic and free-living nematodes in soil as measured by real time qPCR

Campos‐Herrera

El-Borai

Duncan

2012

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are promising biological control agents of soil-dwelling insect pests of many crops. These nematodes are ubiquitous in both natural and agricultural areas. Their efficacy against arthropods is affected directly and indirectly by food webs and edaphic conditions. It has long been suggested that a greater understanding of EPN ecology is needed to achieve consistent biological control by these nematodes and the development of molecular tools is helping to overcome obstacles to the study of cryptic organisms and complex interactions. Here we extend the repertoire of molecular tools to characterize soil food webs by describing primers/probe set to quantify certain free-living, bactivorous nematodes (FLBNs) that interact with EPNs in soil. Three FLBN isolates were recovered from soil baited with insect larvae. Morphological and molecular characterization confirmed their identities as Acrobeloides maximum (RT-1-R15C and RT-2-R25A) and Rhabditis rainai (PT-R14B). Laboratory experiments demonstrated the ability of these FLBNs to interfere with the development of Steinernema diaprepesi, Steinernema riobrave and Heterorhabditis indica parasitizing the weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (P<0.001), perhaps due to resource competition. A molecular probe was developed for the strongest competitor, A. maximum. We selected the highly conserved SSU rDNA sequence to design the primers/probe, because these sequences are more abundantly available for free-living nematodes than ITS sequences that can likely provide better taxonomic resolution. Our molecular probe can identify organisms that share ⩾98% similarity at this locus. The use of this molecular probe to characterize soil communities from samples of nematode DNA collected within a citrus orchard revealed positive correlations (P<0.01) between Acrobeloides-group nematodes and total numbers of EPNs (S. diaprepesi, H. indica and Heterorhabditis zealandica) as well as a complex of nematophagous fungi comprising Catenaria sp. and Monachrosporium gephyropagum that are natural enemies of EPNs. These relationships can be broadly interpreted as supporting Linford's hypothesis, i.e., decomposition of organic matter (here, insect cadavers) greatly increases bactivorous nematodes and their natural enemies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide interguild relationships among entomopathogenic and free-living nematodes in soil as measured by real time qPCR

Campos‐Herrera

El-Borai

Duncan

2012

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…A number of reports (Linford 1937;Mankau 1962Mankau , 1963Mankau , 1980 on the influence of soil organic amendments on root-knot nematodes, plant-parasitic nematode populations and the induction of soil enemies has gained the attention of nematologists the world over, and resulted in a significant amount of research effort being directed towards the biological control of nematodes. Organic soil amendments represent one option for use in the manipulation of a habitat to promote biological control of nematodes.…”

Section: Organic Amendments and Nematode Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic soil amendments in relation to nematode management with particular reference to India

Akhtar¹,

Mahmood

1996

Integr Pest Manag Rev

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The addition of organic materials to soil has been used in managing plant-parasitic nematodes and has resulted in increased crop yield. Research on the utilization of waste materials such as oilseed cakes, chitin, compost, livestock and poultry manures, and cellulosic wastes appears promising for reducing populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. Nitrogen based amendments, plant phenolics, nematotoxic chemicals, development of predators and parasites of nematodes and microorganism stimulation have been considered to be promising agents for nematode management. In addition, organic amendments change the physical as well as the trophic structure of soil, which affects the pathogen development and overall plant growth performance. Mechanisms of action of organic soil amendments in relation to nematode management are yet to be fully explored.

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“…Breakdown of organic materials may release toxic and nematicidal substances that contribute to nematode control (Rodriguez -Kabana et al 1981, Thakar et al, 1988and Aboul-Eid et al, 1998. Linford andLinford et al (1937 and1938) demonstrated that the reduction of nematode population in soil amended with compost material may be due to increase in numbers of fungi, nematodes, mites and other microorganisms that are parasitic or predacious to developmental stages of plant parasitic nematode or to stimulation of selected microorganisms capable of decomposing the proteins or other materials that make up nematode cuticles or other structures. Also, free-living nematode have been reported to accelerate the decomposition of soil amendments and increase the mineralization of N and P releasing nutrients for plant growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population density of Meloidogyne incognita on sunflower as affected by certain organic composts under field conditions

Mohamed¹,

Noweer²

2011

ABJNA

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Stimulated Activity of Natural Enemies of Nematodes

Cited by 104 publications

References 5 publications

Wide interguild relationships among entomopathogenic and free-living nematodes in soil as measured by real time qPCR

Wide interguild relationships among entomopathogenic and free-living nematodes in soil as measured by real time qPCR

Organic soil amendments in relation to nematode management with particular reference to India

Population density of Meloidogyne incognita on sunflower as affected by certain organic composts under field conditions

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