Stimulant Reversal of Cognitive Deficits

Wesensten, Nancy J.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511783005.007

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 559 publications

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“…SWSD is characterized by chronic (1 month or longer) (a) excessive sleepiness during a work period that overlaps the typical sleep period and (b) insomnia during a sleep period that overlaps the typical wake period—problems experienced to some degree by many motor vehicle operators. Results from available studies indicate that modafinil maintains or restores neurobehavioral performance during sleep loss (reviewed in Wesensten, 2012). Modafinil’s effects on simulated driving during sleep loss also have been evaluated (Gurtman, Broadbear, & Redman, 2008): A modafinil dose of 300 mg reduced lane deviations during early-morning simulated driving under both a monotonous condition and a condition in which volunteers were required to perform a secondary task.…”

Section: Strategies For Maintaining Waking Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Countermeasures for Mitigating Fatigue in Motor Vehicle Operators

Wesensten¹,

Balkin²,

Belenky³

2015

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics

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Sleep debt and time of day/night (circadian rhythm) exert substantial effects on commercial motor vehicle (CMV) operator (e.g. truck and bus/motor coach, railroad engineer, aviation pilot) performance-and, therefore, safety. In this chapter, the influence of sleep debt and circadian effects on operator performance are described. Efficacy of various countermeasures is reviewed, and the influence of individual operator traits (genetic factors) is briefly discussed. It is concluded that sleep (napping) remains the best strategy for restoring and maintaining CMV operator neurobehavioral performance. Results from ongoing research will lead to occupation-specific and individualized strategies for managing sleepiness and fatigue in operational environments. T his chapter is focused on (a) operator sleep debt and (b) time of day/night during which the operator works as two main factors that exert substantial impact on operator cognitive performance and alertness. A variety of countermeasures have been proposed to mitigate operator performance deficits due to sleep debt and time of day, including caffeine, timed light exposure, sleep-promoting compounds, and napping strategies. Over the past several years, results from other lines of research show that the efficacy of these countermeasures is moderated by operator traits, including genetic differences. Following a brief description of how sleep debt and circadian rhythms impact cognitive performance and alertness, efficacy of various countermeasures is reviewed. It is appreciated that factors other than sleep debt and time of day impact cognitive performance and alertness (herein collectively referred to as "neurobehavioral performance") and that fatigue encompasses more than just neurobehavioral performance. We focus on sleep debt and time of day (circadian effect) because these serve as the backbone of many mathematical models (Mallis, Mejdal, Nguyen, & Dinges, 2004) used in fatigue risk management systems (Mallis et al., 2004). Also, efficacy of various countermeasures is commonly evaluated under conditions of increased sleep debt and unfavorable time of day, with neurobehavioral performance metrics serving as the critical outcomes. Other factors influencing fatigue are discussed in other chapters of this volume.

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Section: Strategies For Maintaining Waking Performancementioning

confidence: 99%