Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies

Parry, Ian; Black, Simon; Vernon, Nate

doi:10.5089/9781513595405.001

Cited by 84 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Countries will also need to better account for long-term challenges. Natural disasters can severely deteriorate public finances in some countries, while climate change adaptation and mitigation are each expected to cost countries an additional 2-3 percent of GDP per year (Vernon, Parry, andBlack 2021, IEA 2021). Countries that experience aging populations will see an increase in pension spending, absent reforms, of about 0.6 percent of GDP in advanced economies per year (IMF 2022a).…”

Section: International Monetary Fundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Return to Fiscal Rules

Medas¹,

Hong²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2022

Staff Discussion Notes

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Section: International Monetary Fundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Return to Fiscal Rules

Medas¹,

Hong²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2022

Staff Discussion Notes

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“…Many public policies and expenditures influence the operation of food systems. Considering the interventions related only to SDG2, Díaz-Bonilla [1] summarized two main types of public expenditures: on AFF (which cover public outlays in agriculture, aimed specifically at enhancing primary production, but not other expenditures for agriculture, such rural infrastructure [23] ) and on social protection; in turn, Díaz-Bonilla and Echeverría [4] presented data on climate finance. A summary of those estimates is in Table 2.…”

Section: Public Budgetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These considerations suggest the need to utilize a broader food-system focus to analyze, in each country, the level and composition of public expenditures (and taxes, for which there is far less information [23] ) that are relevant for achieving the desired transformation of food systems.…”

Section: Public Budgetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding sources of funding, central banks, framed by appropriate monetary programs that address inflationary objectives, can issue dedicated lines of credit to financial entities, which in turn can finance loans for the transformation of food systems, targeted to small farming enterprises and SMEs, including women and youth, in food value chains. Using central bank discounts to finance credit lines for agriculture was the norm in many developing countries until the policy changes of the 1980s and 1990s [23] .…”

Section: Guide Banking Systems and Capital Markets To Financing The D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to institutions, well-managed public development banks [23] , which already are key contributors to agricultural and climate finance, can be important instruments for addressing market failures that affect financial markets in relation to those activities and sectors. They can also help to mobilize private sector funds from commercial banks and private investors by using blended finance and de-risking arrangements with their own public capital.…”

Section: Guide Banking Systems and Capital Markets To Financing The D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transformation of Food Systems: How Can It Be Financed?

2023

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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HIGHLIGHTS• The analysis of financing for the transformation of food systems requires first a consideration of costs. • Costs are then compared to six main financial flows, two internal and four external to food systems. • There are enough potential financial resources available to fund the transformation of food systems. • To mobilize the existing and potential funds adequate macroeconomic and overall incentive frameworks are needed, plus a variety of specific interventions discussed in the paper. • Developing countries need to establish national structures to design, finance and coordinate comprehensive national programs for their food systems.

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Leveraging nuclear power‐to‐green hydrogen production potential in India: A country perspective

Bhattacharyya

Singh

Bhanja

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Nuclear hydrogen production via commercially mature water electrolysis technology is a promising, low‐carbon route to bulk quantities of hydrogen for industrial decarbonization. This has special relevance to all energy resource‐poor countries like India who must also reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels and chemical feed stock like natural gas. This study assesses green hydrogen demand in major Indian industries vis‐à‐vis the corresponding hydrogen supply capability via water electrolysis by Indian nuclear power reactors. India's existing, upcoming, and planned nuclear reactors can power modular water electrolysers to produce 1.8–4.0 million metric tons H2 per annum at annualized production costs competitive with current renewable hydrogen costs. Nuclear hydrogen can meet between 6% and 15% of the current green hydrogen demand of priority sectors in India. Project profitability requires sale price of nuclear hydrogen to be at least 60% to 90% above the levelized production cost. Depending on the end user sectors, nuclear hydrogen can enable avoidance of 490–570 million tons CO2 per annum from several industries beyond the electric power sector. Novelty Statement The study analyses the potential of India's existing and upcoming nuclear power reactors to diversify and support the creation of a domestic green hydrogen supply chain for decarbonization of critical and hard‐to‐abate industries. It analyzes sectoral demands for hydrogen, techno‐economic aspects of nuclear hydrogen production using site‐specific data, including comparison with solar hydrogen. It emphasizes the importance of diversifying the energy mix used for large quantities of green hydrogen for sustainable decarbonization of sectors like fertilizers, metallurgy, and long‐distance transport.

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Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies

Cited by 84 publications

References 9 publications

The Return to Fiscal Rules

The Return to Fiscal Rules

Transformation of Food Systems: How Can It Be Financed?

Leveraging nuclear power‐to‐green hydrogen production potential in India: A country perspective

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