“…Likewise, they consider the way urban and heritage policies are drawn up and actions are prioritised. The approach used in each of these case studies is similar to the approach detailed in the HUL Recommendation as seen in the way citizens are incorporated into urban conservation and urban planning processes in the case of Hamilton (steps 1, 2 and 3) (Angel et al, 2017); the consideration of commercial areas, rail networks, public spaces and social aspects of heritage whilst focusing more on regeneration that benefits the community rather than tourism (steps 1, 3, 4 and 5) (Dhingra et al, 2017); the revelation in the Suakin case study of the failure to connect participation in the management plans and of the need for improved development of intangible assets as identified by citizens (steps 1, 3, 4 and 5) (Taha, 2014); and the proposal for the Annia Popilia network to be a driving force for sustainable development and cultural, social and economic growth for the urban centres it touches, whilst respecting archaeology, architecture, arts, popular traditions, oenology and gastronomy, music and active participation (steps 1, 4 and 5) (Genovese, 2019, p. 351). Cases in Asis, Chester and Amsterdam have also been referenced due to the fact that their approach and focus are very similar to the HUL approach even if their plans were developed long before the Recommendation was drafted (steps 1, 2, 3 and 4) (Siravo, 2015).…”