Stili di vita nell'Italia della crisi: il cambiamento nelle abitudini insalubri secondo le condizioni lavorative

The 2008 Financial Crisis and Changes in Lifestyle-Related Behaviors in Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal: A Systematic Review

“…The research articles included in our review, published between 2011 and 2020, concerned the impact of the crisis on unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking habit [13,16,21,[23][24][25][27][28][29][30]32], alcohol consumption [13,[16][17][18][19][20][25][26][27][28][29]35,37,43], antidepressant/anxiolytic/ antipsychotic use [15,16,20,26,27,31,38,42], and substance abuse [20,21,27,28] and on healthy behaviors, such as physical activity [16,21,[23][24][25]27,30,33,35]. The studies on diet examined the impact of the crisis both on favorable and unfavorable eating behavior, a classification depending on the type of food considered for analyses …”

“…Most studies also showed an overall decrease in alcohol [13,16,19,20,[25][26][27][28]35,37] and tobacco [13,21,[23][24][25]27,32,[34][35][36][37]40,43] consumption, while some highlighted an increase in tobacco consumption [16,29,34]. However, the pre-to post crisis variation in drinking and smoking habit were heterogeneous across socioeconomic levels, depending on the contexts and the dimension used to define socioeconomic status.…”

“…A reduction in smoking prevalence was observed in Spain also when stratifying by the size of the municipality [30], in a sample of patients hospitalized for cardiac catheterization [36], and in a sample of Spanish mothers [40]. A few studies reported a slight decrease [27,32], no difference [37], or a slight increase in the percentage of smokers after or during the crisis, for only women [16] in Spain and for both sexes in Italy [29,34], Portugal, and Spain [34].…”

“…Regarding socioeconomic status, controversial associations were reported during or after the crisis: a reduction in inequalities was identified by some studies, where percentages of daily or occasional smokers decreased more for those with a lower educational level [16], lower socioeconomic status [23], or having a manual occupation [40]. Conversely, other studies found an increase in socioeconomic inequalities due to an increase in smoking consumption among the unemployed [13,28,37,43] and among people belonging to a lower social class [25].…”

“…Most of the studies highlighted an increase in physical activity in the adult population when comparing the periods after vs before the financial crisis, which was more robust and statistically significant in Spain [25,35] and Greece [23,24], and slighter in Portugal [21], while a limited reduction was observed in the few studies in adults [37] and in children [33,41].…”