Stigmatization towards healthcare personnel during the first COVID-19 wave in Central and Northern Mexico

Abstract

The evidence all over the world shows an alarming increase in the stigmatization of health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to explore possible psychological factors that help explain the disposition to stigmatize health personnel in the central and northern regions of Mexico. Two studies explore possible psychological factors to explain the disposition to stigmatize healthcare personnel (HP) in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic. In study one, 520 participants responded to three instruments that measure the disposition to stigmatize, the perceived contagion risk, and the positive beliefs towards HP. Results showed a generalized low disposition to stigmatization, where only a small percentage obtained high scores. A regression analysis identified that stigmatization towards HP can derive mainly from the perception of risk of contagion, although positive beliefs of HP decrease this disposition. The second study extends this finding by analyzing responses of 286 participants to seven instruments measuring factors hypothesized as predictors towards stigmatization: uncertainty generated by the pandemic, selfish strategies to face off the pandemic, social capital, trust in institutions, perceived vulnerability of contagion, perceived risk of contagion, and positive beliefs towards HP. A path analysis reveals that the main predictor of stigmatization is the perceived risk of contagion, increased by the strategy of selfishness, and the uncertainty generated by the pandemic. These results are discussed emphasizing the importance of cooperation and community ties to prevent the stigmatization of HP in the context of sanitary emergencies generated by contagious diseases.

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

“…Participants from our study expressed that the stigma was mainly rooted in the fear of infection. This is supported by a quantitative study from Mexico that showed perceived risk of contagion to be the main predictor of stigmatization [27]. Another study among Nigerian community HCWs also showed that fear of infection resulted avoiding behaviour by community members which led to underutilization of health services [28].…”

“…We interviewed 32 females and 21 males between the age of 23 and 64 years (on average 31 years). Interviewees from the Philippines were on average 43 years old and thus older compared to the other countries (average ranging from [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Interviewees worked as nurse assistants (n = 9), nurses (n = 25), or physicians (n = 18) on COVID-19 departments in urban (n = 45) or rural (n = 3) hospitals.…”