Stigmatization of schizophrenic individuals and its correlation to the fear of violent offence. Should we be concerned?

Adil, Mariam; Atiq, Isha; Ellahi, Aayat

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104666

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…SCZ is a complex mental disorder-which affects 0.45% (1:222) of the adult population-characterized, on one hand, by persistent hallucinations, delusions, psychosis, disorganized behavior and agitation (i.e., positive symptoms) and, on the other hand, by social withdrawal, limited experience of emotions, passiveness, cognitive dysfunctions and slow movements (i.e., negative symptoms) [5,6]. SCZ patients are often affected by discrimination and stigma, further facilitating withdrawal from society and from performing everyday tasks [7]. Based on a recent meta-analysis, 24.2% (95% CI: 20.3-28.0%) of SCZ patients returned to previous functionality following treatment [8]; however, it has been estimated that the risk of relapse in SCZ is ~3.5%/month [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health Status and Factors Related to Oral Health in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Matched Case-Control Observational Study

Aghasizadeh Sherbaf,

Kaposvári,

Nagy

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients have disproportionately poor oral health outcomes owing to a multidimensional set of factors, such as pathophysiology of the disease, drug-related adverse effects and lower utilization rate of dental healthcare services. The aim of the present observational study was to compare the indicators of dental and periodontal health in patients with SCZ to those of nonaffected healthy controls; furthermore, the influence of various anamnestic factors and lifestyle habits on oral health status were also assessed. Methods: A total of 50 SCZ patients—in remission—receiving treatment at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, were compared with 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls attending the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged. Participants’ dental (decayed, missing and filled surfaces [DMF-S] and decayed, missing and filled teeth [DMF-T]) and periodontal (plaque index [%], bleeding on probing [BOP%], pocket depth [PD] and attachment loss [AL]) status was measured according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results: In total, 74.0%, 80.0% and 78.0% of SCZ patients received second-generation antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and mood stabilizers, respectively. Patients with SCZ had significantly higher DMFs (81.30 ± 40.16 vs. 61.64 ± 40.56; p = 0.010), D (8.18 ± 7.73 vs. 4.18 ± 4.22; p < 0.001) and DMF-T (18.20 ± 8.36 vs. 14.42 ± 8.21; p = 0.024) scores but significantly lower F (1.84 ± 0.29 vs. 4.62 ± 3.98; p < 0.001) scores compared to the controls; male subjects had significantly lower DMFs (74.52 ± 39.72 vs. 90.67 ± 39.1; p = 0.020) and DMF-T (16.52 ± 8.12 vs. 20.52 ± 8.32; p = 0.031) scores. Additionally, SCZ patients had significantly higher plaque indices (56.96 ± 23.19 vs. 27.44 ± 17.53; p < 0.001), BOP% (58.96 ± 22.89 vs. 23.56 ± 17.53; p < 0.001), PD (2.84 ± 0.67 vs. 2.19 ± 0.49; p = 0.024) and AL (3.39 ± 1.72 vs. 2.49 ± 0.76; p < 0.001) values compared to controls. Smoking > 10 cigarettes/day was associated with worse dental and periodontal indices, while consuming ≥ 4 units/week of alcohol was associated with worse periodontal indices, respectively (p < 0.05 in all cases). In contrast, coffee consumption rates and vitamin supplementation status had no significant effect on oral health status indicators. Conclusions: Our study highlights the overall poor oral health status of individuals affected by SCZ and the need for targeted preventive interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health Status and Factors Related to Oral Health in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Matched Case-Control Observational Study

Aghasizadeh Sherbaf,

Kaposvári,

Nagy

et al. 2024

JCM

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“…However, SCZ is associated with a higher degree of stigmatization. 17 , 18 The stigmatization, especially in developing countries, can lead to unwarranted distress in the lives of those falsely diagnosed with SCZ. 19 , 20 Thus, a disorder like SCZ demands a higher precision diagnostic test [True positives / (True positives + False positives)] with minimal false positives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensemble Learning for Higher Diagnostic Precision in Schizophrenia Using Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Profile

Wagh,

Kottat,

Agrawal

et al. 2024

NDT

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Introduction Stigma contributes to a significant part of the burden of schizophrenia (SCZ), therefore reducing false positives from the diagnosis would be liberating for the individuals with SCZ and desirable for the clinicians. The stigmatization associated with schizophrenia advocates the need for high-precision diagnosis. In this study, we present an ensemble learning-based approach for high-precision diagnosis of SCZ using peripheral blood gene expression profiles. Methodology The machine learning (ML) models, support vector machines (SVM), and prediction analysis for microarrays (PAM) were developed using differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as features. The SCZ samples were classified based on a voting ensemble classifier of SVM and PAM. Further, microarray-based learning was used to classify RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples from our case-control study (Pune-SCZ) to assess cross-platform compatibility. Results Ensemble learning using ML models resulted in a significantly higher precision of 80.41% (SD: 0.04) when compared to the individual models (SVM-radial: 71.69%, SD: 0.04 and PAM 77.20%, SD: 0.02). The RNA sequencing samples from our case-control study (Pune-SCZ) resulted in a moderate precision (59.92%, SD: 0.05). The feature genes used for model building were enriched for biological processes such as response to stress, regulation of the immune system, and metabolism of organic nitrogen compounds. The network analysis identified RBX1, CUL4B, DDB1, PRPF19 , and COPS4 as hub genes. Conclusion In summary, this study developed robust models for higher diagnostic precision in psychiatric disorders. Future efforts will be directed towards multi-omic integration and developing “explainable” diagnostic models.

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Stigmatization of schizophrenic individuals and its correlation to the fear of violent offence. Should we be concerned?

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Oral Health Status and Factors Related to Oral Health in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Matched Case-Control Observational Study

Oral Health Status and Factors Related to Oral Health in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Matched Case-Control Observational Study

Ensemble Learning for Higher Diagnostic Precision in Schizophrenia Using Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Profile

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