Stigma, Trust, and procedural integrity: Covid-19 testing in Malawi

Ferree, Karen E.; Harris, Adam S.; Dulani, Boniface; Kao, Kristen; Metheney, Erica

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105351

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Lateral flow testing is less widely represented in the evidence base and is more likely to feature in articles and preprints based on more recently collected data [ 22 , 38 ]. The characteristics of all studies included in the review are summarized in Table 1 [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple studies in this research area gathered data on people’s self-reported motivations for undergoing or avoiding testing [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Some of these studies sought to gather data on people’s trust in the government and/or medical systems in relation to COVID-19 testing [ 24 , 41 , 54 , 55 ] or piloted ways to improve people’s levels of trust in testing [ 42 ]. While the majority of studies focused on self-reported willingness to test, a certain number also sought to measure and explain associations between demographic characteristics and the actual uptake of testing (e.g., according to gender, age, ethnic, geographic, or socioeconomic variables) [ 22 , 23 , 30 , 37 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 51 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social Solidarity, Peer-Pressure, and Stigma Social pressure (e.g., relating to the expected reactions of employers, friends, and family to an individual's decision to seek testing or test result) was a sub-focus of 14 studies in this review [23,24,26,27,32,33,38,40,45,46,48,54,67]. Six studies focused on negative pressure from employers and peers [38,40,45,46] or stigma [54,67] as barriers to testing. Negative pressure in institutions included dismissive attitudes towards COVID-19 transmission and pressures from management and colleagues not to seek out testing.…”

Section: Logistics Of Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social pressure (e.g., relating to the expected reactions of employers, friends, and family to an individual’s decision to seek testing or test result) was a sub-focus of 14 studies in this review [ 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 32 , 33 , 38 , 40 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 54 , 67 ]. Six studies focused on negative pressure from employers and peers [ 38 , 40 , 45 , 46 ] or stigma [ 54 , 67 ] as barriers to testing.…”

Section: Thematic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study of UK police officers (n = 18) in May and June 2020, for example, seeking testing was associated with ‘skiving’ [ 40 ] (p. 11). In Malawi, a study of the general population in May 2020 (n = 4641) found that 81% of survey respondents expected to be treated badly if they tested positive for COVID-19 [ 54 ]. Negative peer pressure was also a recurrent theme in studies involving student participants, since students are keenly aware that a positive test result will require peers (and often members of a shared household) to self-isolate [ 27 , 38 ].…”

Section: Thematic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review

2021

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Testing programs for COVID-19 depend on the voluntary actions of members of the public for their success. Understanding people’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to COVID-19 testing is, therefore, key to the design of effective testing programs worldwide. This paper reports on the findings of a rapid scoping review to map the extent, characteristics, and scope of social science research on COVID-19 testing and identifies key themes from the literature. Main findings include the discoveries that people are largely accepting of testing technologies and guidelines and that a sense of social solidarity is a key motivator of testing uptake. The main barriers to accessing and undertaking testing include uncertainty about eligibility and how to access tests, difficulty interpreting symptoms, logistical issues including transport to and from test sites and the discomfort of sample extraction, and concerns about the consequences of a positive result. The review found that existing research was limited in depth and scope. More research employing longitudinal and qualitative methods based in under-resourced settings and examining intersections between testing and experiences of social, political, and economic vulnerability is needed. Last, the findings of this review suggest that testing should be understood as a social process that is inseparable from processes of contact tracing and isolation and is embedded in people’s everyday routines, livelihoods and relationships.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Logistics Of Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thematic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thematic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review

2021

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COVID-19-related self-stigma: association with vulnerability and trust in institutions

Reibling

Linden

Schneider

2023

Bundesgesundheitsbl

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Selbststigmatisierung kann im Rahmen von Infektionskrankheiten eine psychosoziale Belastung darstellen und die Bereitschaft, Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen einzuhalten, reduzieren. In dieser Studie wird erstmalig untersucht, wie COVID-19-bezogene Selbststigmatisierung in Deutschland in Gruppen mit unterschiedlicher sozialer und medizinischer Vulnerabilität ausgeprägt war. Methoden Datengrundlage bildet eine webbasierte Befragung (CAWI: Computer Assisted Web Interview), die während der COVID-19-Pandemie im Winter 2020/2021 durchgeführt wurde. Die Quotenstichprobe (N = 2536) ist repräsentativ für die deutsche Erwachsenenbevölkerung hinsichtlich zentraler soziodemografischer Merkmale (Geschlecht, Alter, Bildung, Wohnort). Zur Operationalisierung der COVID-19-bezogenen Selbststigmatisierung wurde eine selbst entwickelte Skala verwendet. Außerdem wurden Daten zur medizinischen und sozialen Vulnerabilität sowie zum Vertrauen in Institutionen erhoben. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels deskriptiver Statistiken und multipler OLS-Regressionen (engl. Ordinary Least Squares). Ergebnisse Insgesamt liegt die durchschnittliche Selbststigmatisierung leicht über dem Skalenmittelwert. Während hinsichtlich sozial vulnerabler Gruppen nur Frauen eine erhöhte Selbststigmatisierung angeben, weisen Personen mit medizinischer Vulnerabilität (hohe Infektionswahrscheinlichkeit, schlechter Gesundheitszustand, Zugehörigkeit zur Risikogruppe) signifikant höhere Werte auf. Ein höheres Vertrauen in Institutionen ist mit stärkerer Selbststigmatisierung assoziiert. Diskussion Stigmatisierung sollte in Pandemien regelmäßig monitort und für Kommunikationsmaßnahmen berücksichtigt werden. Es ist wichtig, auf weniger stigmatisierende Formulierungen zu achten und auf Risiken hinzuweisen, ohne Risikogruppen zu definieren.

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The untold story of the COVID-19 pandemic: perceptions and views towards social stigma and bullying in the shadow of COVID-19 illness in Jordan

et al. 2021

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Stigmatization towards COVID-19 patients can lead to negative outcomes like social exclusion and bullying, and it may hinder the willingness of people to undergo testing. This study aimed to measure and explore the perception of stigmatization and bullying towards COVID-19 patients in Jordan. This was a web-based cross-sectional survey. Participants were recruited from social media platforms employing a snowball convenience sampling. The perception of bullying, beliefs regarding social consequences of infection, views on measures towards violators of patients’ privacy, and how to reduce the stigma were assessed by self-reported measures. 397 participants returned completed questionnaires. The majority of respondents believed that COVID-19 patients in Jordan are getting bullied ( n = 255, 64.3%) and over 80% believed that people enjoy sharing identities, or news about COVID-19 patients. Although most respondents had adequate knowledge regarding transmission/prevention of COVID-19, they believed that all or some of the COVID-19 patients practiced something wrong to get infected ( n = 358, 90.2%). Moreover, 86.9% of respondents reported that people in Jordan were crossing their lines with bullying behaviors towards COVID-19 patients. However, these negative views would not discourage most respondents to get tested and follow the government’s instructions if they or any of their acquaintances were suspected to be infected. Our study sheds the light on a high degree of stigma and bullying of COVID-19 patients during the early stage of the pandemic in Jordan. Hence, there is a need to develop and implement effective anti-stigma/anti-bullying campaigns that refute the misperception, raise public knowledge about COVID-19, and spread encouraging messages.

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Stigma, Trust, and procedural integrity: Covid-19 testing in Malawi

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Related to COVID-19 Testing: A Rapid Scoping Review

COVID-19-related self-stigma: association with vulnerability and trust in institutions

The untold story of the COVID-19 pandemic: perceptions and views towards social stigma and bullying in the shadow of COVID-19 illness in Jordan

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