Stigma Directed toward Chronic Illness is Resistant to Change Through Education and Exposure

Hayes, Robert; Vaughan, Christopher G.; Medeiros, Traci; Dubuque, Erick M.

doi:10.2466/pr0.2002.90.3c.1161

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Less than half of the respondents were sympathetic to persons living with HIV who were either homosexual men or women sex workers, while the majority of persons reported sympathetic feelings toward persons living with HIV who were either heterosexual men and women who were not sex workers. This finding supports previous research that has established an association between sexual prejudice and negative attitudes toward persons living with HIV (Breault and Polifroni 1992, Davis et al 1999, Batson et al 2002, Hayes et al 2002, Peltzer et al 2004. Specifically, research has found that persons living with HIV who are perceived to be men who have sex with men or sex workers receive even less sympathy and compassion than those who are not considered to be members of these groups (de Bruyn 1998, ICRW 2002.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Sexual stigma and sympathy: Attitudes toward persons living with HIV in Jamaica

Norman

Carr

Jiménez

2006

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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As the number of persons living with HIV continues to increase in Jamaica, attitudes and values become more important. This study aimed to examine the attitudes of university students in Jamaica toward persons living with HIV, including homosexual men, heterosexual men, women sex workers, other women, and children. One thousand two hundred and fifty-two students were surveyed between June 2001 and February 2002 using a 193-item questionnaire measuring a variety of HIV-related knowledge, attitudinal and behavioural items. Less than half of students reported sympathetic attitudes toward homosexual men or women sex workers living with HIV while a majority reported generally sympathetic attitudes toward heterosexual men and non-sex worker women living with the disease. Predictors of sympathy varied by target group. Male students were significantly less likely to report sympathy for homosexual men than for any other group. Spirituality was associated with sympathy for homosexual men and women sex workers, but not for the remaining two groups. Findings suggest that levels of negative attitudes are high in Jamaica and warrant attention to both individual and societal-level actions and interventions. In addition, messages and interventions must be targeted, recognizing both the differences in level of sympathy expressed toward different groups and predictors of sympathy across the groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Sexual stigma and sympathy: Attitudes toward persons living with HIV in Jamaica

Norman

Carr

Jiménez

2006

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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“…The effects of stigma on the HIV/AIDS identity incorporation process are well documented (Gurevich, 1996;Lewis, 1994;Sandstrom, 1990). Although AIDS seems to be more stigmatized than HIV, even among those living with HIV or AIDS (Scott, 2009), and studies report a decrease in the stigma of HIV/AIDS (Hayes, Vaughan, Medeiros, & Dubuque, 2002), it is still a reality for people who are HIV positive and it still prevents disclosure, thereby inhibiting the incorporation of HIV/AIDS into one's identity. A recommended strategy for decreasing this stigma is for people to become acquainted with someone who is HIV positive, which can help them become less judgmental and more accepting of PLWHAs (Hayes et al, 2002).…”

Section: Disclosurementioning

confidence: 99%

Accepting Being Poz: The Incorporation of the HIV Identity Into the Self

Baumgartner

David

2009

Qual Health Res

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In a previous study, the first author of the current study examined how people who were diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) when it was considered a terminal illness incorporated their HIV/AIDS identity into the self over time. In the qualitative study reported here, we examined HIV identity incorporation in participants diagnosed with HIV after 1996, when it was considered a chronic illness in the United States. We uncovered a three-step process: diagnosis, a postdiagnosis turning point, and integration. We compared and contrasted the results to those from the previous study and studies of other chronic illnesses. The findings advance our understanding of HIV/AIDS, chronic illness, and identity. Practical implications for HIV/AIDS educators are also discussed.

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“…Antistigma interventions remain a low priority for HIV/AIDS programs, mainly because of the difficulty in identifying effective interventions [7]. Population-level research on the structural drivers of HIV stigma will be necessary to inform how and where community-level interventions can be most effective [3,5,19]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution of HIV stigma among women of childbearing age in rural Kenya

Akullian

Kohler

Kinuthia

et al. 2014

Aids

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Objective(s) HIV stigma is considered to be a major driver of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, yet there is a limited understanding of its occurrence. We describe the geographic patterns of two forms of HIV stigma in a cross-sectional sample of women of childbearing age from western Kenya: internalized stigma (associated with shame) and externalized stigma (associated with blame). Design Geographic studies of HIV stigma provide a first step in generating hypotheses regarding potential community-level causes of stigma and may lead to more effective community-level interventions. Methods Spatial regression using generalized additive models and point pattern analyses using K-functions were used to assess the spatial scale(s) at which each form of HIV stigma clusters, and to assess whether the spatial clustering of each stigma indicator was present after adjustment for individual-level characteristics. Results There was evidence that externalized stigma (blame) was geographically heterogeneous across the study area, even after controlling for individual-level factors (P=0.01). In contrast, there was less evidence (P=0.70) of spatial trend or clustering of internalized stigma (shame). Conclusion Our results may point to differences in the underlying social processes motivating each form of HIV stigma. Externalized stigma may be driven more by cultural beliefs disseminated within communities, whereas internalized stigma may be the result of individual-level characteristics outside the domain of community influence. These data may inform community-level interventions to decrease HIV-related stigma, and thus impact the HIV epidemic.

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Stigma Directed toward Chronic Illness is Resistant to Change Through Education and Exposure

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Sexual stigma and sympathy: Attitudes toward persons living with HIV in Jamaica

Sexual stigma and sympathy: Attitudes toward persons living with HIV in Jamaica

Accepting Being Poz: The Incorporation of the HIV Identity Into the Self

Geographic distribution of HIV stigma among women of childbearing age in rural Kenya

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