Stigma and discrimination with the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in Makassar

Lived experiences and meanings of the COVID-19 pandemic: A case of the elderly survivors

“…This finding is consistent with the observation by Sotgiu and Dobler [ 27 ] who documented COVID-19-related discrimination as part of ‘witch hunt’ mentality, wherein both affected people and their contacts are labeled and treated differently. Previous studies [ 28 , 29 ] have also extensively reported stigma and discrimination toward infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The participants' narration that they felt isolated during this pandemic is similar to the findings by Kasar and Karaman [ 16 ] showing that elderly individuals endure social isolation due to the restrictions imposed during the pandemic and that their level of loneliness and quality of life were significantly impacted.…”

Investigation of discriminatory attitude toward people living with HIV in the family context using socio-economic factors and information sources: A nationwide study in Indonesia

“…The Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) states that PLHIV have a right to the same access to services and facilities as the rest of the population ( Headley et al, 2019 ). Nonetheless, discrimination is still widely practiced, and the belief that PLHIV are dangerous because they transmit HIV and, therefore, must be avoided is prevalent ( Halim, Noor & Thamrin, 2020 ). Discrimination in the community context ( Frye et al, 2017 ; Iliyasu et al, 2017 ) makes it harder for PLHIV to get a job ( Maulsby et al, 2020 ) and access health and education services ( Asghari et al, 2018 ; Tafuma et al, 2018 ).…”

“…Studies in Indonesia on the factors related to discrimination against PLHIV have been conducted in the general context but not specifically in the family context. Some of the general factors include sexual orientation, gender ( Halim, Noor & Thamrin, 2020 ; Rogers et al, 2018 ), knowledge ( Nursalam et al, 2021 ), an irrational fear of HIV ( Sofia, 2018 ), religiosity, self-efficacy ( Wilandika, 2019 ), and the bio-psycho-social-spiritual responses of the family ( Nursalam et al, 2014 ). In addition, there are many studies on labeling in social circles ( Abbott & Williams, 2015 ; Woodgate et al, 2017 ) and the psychological factors related to a discriminatory attitude toward PLHIV ( English et al, 2020 ).…”