Stiffness at small strain: research and practice

Clayton, C. R. I.

doi:10.1680/geot.2011.61.1.5

Cited by 398 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…These velocities can be used to determine the following engineering parameters: the Young modulus, the bulk modulus, the shear modulus and the Poisson ratio. These are used to measure the degree of stiffness of the subsurface material (Clayton, [18]). The three stiffness parameters are the Young modulus, the bulk modulus and the shear modulus.…”

Section: Geology and Location Of The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Geotechnical Parameters using Geophysical Data

Adewoyin

Joshua

Akinwumi

et al. 2017

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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Abstract. The financial implications and the time required for carrying out a comprehensive geotechnical investigation to characterize a site can discourage prospective private residential building developers, especially where a large area of land is to be investigated for construction purposes. Also, most of the geotechnical test procedures utilized during site investigation only provide information on points tested in the subsurface. This research method suggests an approach of investigating the subsurface condition of a site in order to obtain key subsoil geotechnical properties necessary for foundation design for proposed engineering facilities. Seismic wave velocities generated from near surface refraction were combined with percussion drilling and cone penetration tests to obtain a comprehensive geotechnical investigation. From the results of the seismic refraction method, the bulk density of the soil, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus and allowable bearing capacity of a competent layer that can bear structural load at the particular study site were determined. The most competent layer was found within the depth observed by geotechnical methods. In addition, regression equations were developed in order to directly obtain the bulk density of the soil, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus and allowable bearing capacity from the primary wave velocities.

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Section: Geology and Location Of The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Geotechnical Parameters using Geophysical Data

Adewoyin

Joshua

Akinwumi

et al. 2017

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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“…One of the difficulties of using bender-extender elements to measure wave velocities is selecting adequate testing variables, including the waveform and testing frequency (Leong et al, 2005;Clayton, 2011). Fig.…”

Section: Testing Programme Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of compaction energy on the small strain properties of a compacted silty sand subjected to drying–wetting cycles

2015

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Heitor, A., Indraratna, B. & Rujikiatkamjorn, C. (2015). The role of compaction energy on the small strain properties of a compacted silty sand subjected to drying -wetting cycles. Geotechnique: international journal of soil mechanics, 65 (9), 717-727.The role of compaction energy on the small strain properties of a compacted silty sand subjected to drying -wetting cycles AbstractThe elastic properties of a soil are usually investigated to describe its engineering behaviour. The results of previous studies indicate that the effect of changes in suction on the elastic response at a small strain level of soils is significant during compaction and post-compaction periods. Limited efforts have been focused on quantifying those post-compacted responses due to the changes in suction induced by wetting and drying cycles. During their service life, most earth structures experience changes in hydraulic behaviour owing to climatic changes. These seasonal fluctuations in turn impact on the geomechanical performance of compacted soil. In this paper the aspects related to the elastic properties of compacted soils subjected to cycles of drying and wetting are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of compaction energy on the hysteric behaviour (i.e. amplitude of the hysteresis loop) and its dependence on the initial stress state conditions and suction history. The results not only confirm the importance of the current suction in governing the shear and compression velocities and associated moduli, but they also suggest that subsequent drying-wetting cycles or suction history can further induce hysteretic changes, particularly along the wetting paths. The elastic properties of a soil are usually investigated to describe its engineering behaviour. The results of previous studies indicate that the effect of changes in suction on the elastic response at a small strain level of soils is significant during compaction and post-compaction periods. Limited efforts have been focused on quantifying those post-compacted responses due to the changes in suction induced by wetting and drying cycles. During their service life, most earth structures experience changes in hydraulic behaviour owing to climatic changes. These seasonal fluctuations in turn impact on the geomechanical performance of compacted soil. In this paper the aspects related to the elastic properties of compacted soils subjected to cycles of drying and wetting are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of compaction energy on the hysteric behaviour (i.e. amplitude of the hysteresis loop) and its dependence on the initial stress state conditions and suction history. The results not only confirm the importance of the current suction in governing the shear and compression velocities and associated moduli, but they also suggest that subsequent drying-wetting cycles or suction history can further induce hysteretic changes, particularly along the wetting paths.

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“…For example, the velocity of the propagating wave can be related to the small-strain stiffness of granular materials and is important in geophysics, geotechnical engineering and fundamental research into granular materials [1][2][3]. In these dynamic geophysics tests, the wave velocity can be obtained using either time domain techniques (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of packing density and stress on the dynamic response of granular materials

et al. 2017

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Laboratory geophysics tests including bender elements and acoustic emission measure the speed of propagation of stress or sound waves in granular materials to derive elastic stiffness parameters. This contribution builds on earlier studies to assess whether the received signal characteristics can provide additional information about either the material's behaviour or the nature of the material itself. Specifically it considers the maximum frequency that the material can transmit; it also assesses whether there is a simple link between the spectrum of the received signal and the natural frequencies of the sample. Discrete element method (DEM) simulations of planar compression wave propagation were performed to generate the data for the study. Restricting consideration to uniform (monodisperse) spheres, the material fabric was varied by considering face-centred cubic lattice packings as well as random configurations with different packing densities. Supplemental analyses, in addition to the DEM simulations, were used to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the system dynamics. The assembly stiffness and mass matrices were extracted from the DEM model and these data were used in an eigenmode analysis that provided significant insight into the observed overall dynamic response. The close agreement of the wave velocities estimated using eigenmode analysis with the DEM results confirms that DEM wave propagation simulations can reliably be used to extract material stiffness data. The data show that increasing either stress or density allows higher frequencies to propagate through the media, but the low-pass wavelength is a function of packing density rather than stress level. Prior research which had hypothesised that there is a simple link between the spectrum of the received signal and the natural sample frequencies was not substantiated.

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Stiffness at small strain: research and practice

Cited by 398 publications

References 119 publications

Evaluation of Geotechnical Parameters using Geophysical Data

Evaluation of Geotechnical Parameters using Geophysical Data

The role of compaction energy on the small strain properties of a compacted silty sand subjected to drying–wetting cycles

Influence of packing density and stress on the dynamic response of granular materials

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