Stiffness as a Risk Factor for Achilles Tendon Injury in Running Athletes

Lorimer, Anna; Hume, Patria A.

doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0526-9

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Different studies have proposed that an increase in stiffness (Dm) could be a predisposing factor to muscular injury. (34)(35)(36) According to the results of the present study, DF could be a useful technique for both the treatment and prevention of muscular injuries and pathologies. Several authors have suggested that the reduction in stiffness (increase in Dm) could lead to a loss of muscular strength, decreasing the contraction velocity (increase in Tc).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Effect of diacutaneous fibrolysis on the muscular properties of Gastrocnemius muscle

López-de-Celis

Pérez‐Bellmunt

Bueno-Gracía

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Diacutaneous fibrolysis is a noninvasive technique that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as shoulder pain, lateral epicondylalgia, patellofemoral pain syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome. However, while diacutaneous fibrolysis is applied to soft tissue, its effects on muscular properties are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of diacutaneous fibrolysis on muscle properties as measured by tensiomyography and myotonometry in asymptomatic subjects. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial with a blinded evaluator was performed. A single session of diacutaneous fibrolysis on the gastrocnemius muscle was applied to one limb (treated limb group) and the other limb was the control (control limb group). Subjects were assessed with tensiomyography and myotonometry before treatment (T0), after treatment (T1) and 30 minutes later (T2). The primary outcomes were tensiomyography and myotonometry variables. The intra-group comparison was performed with repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test or Freidman test with Wilcoxon post hoc test. In the between-group comparisons, a paired t test or Wilcoxon test was used. Results: The treated limb group showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.014) in tensiomyography parameters. A decrease in rigidity and increase in relaxation was also observed on myotonometry at T1, with some of the effects being maintained at T2. Rigidity and relaxation at T1 were statistically significant between groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: A single session of diacutaneous fibrolysis to the gastrocnemius muscle of asymptomatic subjects produced immediate changes in muscle properties. These changes were maintained 30 minutes after the application of the technique. Trial registration: NCT03963674. Keywords: Diacutaneous Fibrolysis, Tensiomyography, Myotonometry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Effect of diacutaneous fibrolysis on the muscular properties of Gastrocnemius muscle

López-de-Celis

Pérez‐Bellmunt

Bueno-Gracía

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…footwear has yet to be established, loading impacts, leg stiffness and dynamic instability have all been linked to common athletic injuries [3,6,16,17,19,32]. Subsequently, decreasing loading impacts, leg stiffness and improving dynamic stability by wearing minimal or no footwear may be associated with a reduced risk of injury.…”

Section: While the Direct Link Between Injury Risk And The Use Of Minmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Footwear on Dynamic Stability during Single-leg Jump Landings

et al. 2017

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Barefoot and minimal footwear running has led to greater interest in the biomechanical effects of different types of footwear. The effect of running footwear on dynamic stability is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic stability and impact loading across 3 footwear conditions; barefoot, minimal footwear and standard running shoes. 25 injury free runners (21 male, 4 female) completed 5 single-leg jump landings in each footwear condition. Dynamic stability was assessed using the dynamic postural stability index and its directional components (mediolateral, anteroposterior, vertical). Peak vertical ground reaction force and vertical loadrates were also compared across footwear conditions. Dynamic stability was dependent on footwear type for all stability indices (ANOVA, p<0.05). Post-hoc tests showed dynamic stability was greater when barefoot than in running shoes for each stability index (p<0.02) and greater than minimal footwear for the anteroposterior stability index (p<0.01). Peak vertical force and average loadrates were both dependent on footwear (p≤0.05). Dynamic stability, peak vertical force, and average loadrates during single-leg jump landings appear to be affected by footwear type. The results suggest greater dynamic stability and lower impact loading when landing barefoot or in minimal footwear.

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“…Stiffness, of the lower limb 'springs' provides a means of assessing the influence of kinetics and kinematics on the tissues of the lower limb during running. Review of the literature indicated that five risk factors were associated with risk of Achilles injuries in running athletes (Lorimer & Hume 2014;Lorimer & Hume 2016). All five of these risk factors; surface stiffness, PeerJ reviewing PDF | (2018:02:25628:1:1:NEW 28 Aug 2018)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manuscript to be reviewed arch height, peak braking force, peak propulsive force and peak vertical force, linked to changes in lower limb stiffness (Lorimer & Hume 2014;Lorimer & Hume 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stiffness measure provides an holistic view of how the body accommodates the impacts of running, with the contributions of joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and bones and the range of motion all contributing to the stiffness output (Butler et al 2003). Stiffness therefore provides a useful tool to investigate how the combination of various movement components may combine to create an injurious environment (Lorimer & Hume 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peer Review #1 of "Using stiffness to assess injury risk: comparison of methods for quantifying stiffness and their reliability in triathletes (v0.1)"

Joseph¹

2018

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Manuscript to be reviewed Using stiffness to assess injury risk: Comparison of methods for quantifying stiffness and their reliability in triathletes Background. A review of the literature has indicated that lower body stiffness, defined as the extent to which the lower extremity joints resists deformation upon contact with the ground, may be a useful measure for assessing Achilles injury risk in triathletes. The nature of overuse injuries suggests that a variety of different movement patterns could conceivably contribute to the final injury outcome, any number and combination of which might be observed in a single individual. Measurements which incorporate both kinetics and kinematics (such as stiffness) of a movement may be better able to shed light on individuals at risk of injury, with further analysis then providing the exact mechanism of injury for the individual. Stiffness can be measured as vertical, leg or joint stiffness to model how the individual interacts with the environment upon landing. However, several issues with stiffness assessments limit the effectiveness of these measures to monitor athletes' performance and/or injury risk. This may reflect the variety of common biomechanical stiffness calculations (dynamic, time, true leg and joint) that have been used to examine these three stiffness levels (vertical, leg and joint) across a variety of human movements (i.e. running or hopping) as well as potential issues with the reliability of these measures, especially joint stiffness. Therefore, the aims of this study were to provide a comparison of the various methods for measuring stiffness during two forms of human bouncing locomotion (running and hopping) along with the measurement reliability to determine the best methods to assess links with injury risk in triathletes. Methods. Vertical, leg and joint stiffness were estimated in 12 healthy male competitive triathletes on two occasions, 7 days apart, using both running at 5.0 ms-1 and hopping (2.2 Hz) tasks.

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Stiffness as a Risk Factor for Achilles Tendon Injury in Running Athletes

Cited by 55 publications

References 115 publications

Effect of diacutaneous fibrolysis on the muscular properties of Gastrocnemius muscle

Effect of diacutaneous fibrolysis on the muscular properties of Gastrocnemius muscle

Effect of Footwear on Dynamic Stability during Single-leg Jump Landings

Peer Review #1 of "Using stiffness to assess injury risk: comparison of methods for quantifying stiffness and their reliability in triathletes (v0.1)"

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