Stiffness and elastic behavior of human intracranial and extracranial arteries

Hayashi, Kozaburo; Handa, Hajime; Nagasawa, S; Okumura, Atsushi; Moritake, Kouzo

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(80)90191-8

Cited by 554 publications

(400 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, it is directly dependent on the actual BP, also in healthy subjects, and is therefore a less reliable indicator to establish structural wall changes in hypertensive subjects. Hayashi et al (18) showed a linear relation between the logarithm of the wall pressure and the internal wall diameter of extracranial and intracranial arteries in the physiologic pressure range. The slope of this relation, the stiffness parameter ␤, combines information on the intrinsic wall material as well as changes in wall dimensions under a given relative pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The slope of this relation, the stiffness parameter ␤, combines information on the intrinsic wall material as well as changes in wall dimensions under a given relative pressure. This measure is independent of the actual BP in normotensive subjects (18,19). Finally, the incremental modulus of elasticity (E inc ) provides direct information about the arterial wall material, independent of its geometry (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distensibility (DC) and stiffness parameter (␤) of the arterial wall were calculated from the relation between BP, diastolic arterial wall diameter, and change in arterial wall diameter in systole (18,19) (see appendix). The incremental modulus of elasticity (E inc ) was calculated from the ratio of the carotid lumen crosssectional area (LCSA) and the carotid intima-media cross-sectional area (IMCSA) divided by the distensibility (20) (see appendix).…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Arterial Stiffness in Young Adults with End-Stage Renal Disease since Childhood

Groothoff

Gruppen²,

Offringa³

et al. 2002

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Abstract. Increased arterial stiffness is a risk factor for mortality in adults over 40 yr of age with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). As no data exist on vascular changes in young adults with ESRD since childhood, a long-term outcome study was performed. All living Dutch adult patients with onset of ESRD between 1972 and 1992 at age 0 to 14 yr were invited for carotid artery and cardiac ultrasound and BP measurements. Data on clinical characteristics were collected by review of all medical charts. Carotid ultrasound data were compared with those of 48 age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls. Carotid artery and cardiac ultrasound was performed in 130 out of 187 eligible patients. Mean age was 29.0 (20.7 to 40.6) yr. Compared with controls, patients had a similar intima media thickness but a reduced mean arterial wall distensibility DC (40.0 versus 45.0 kPa Ϫ1 · 10 Ϫ3 ; 95% CI, Ϫ9.1 to Ϫ0.8; P Ͻ 0.001), an increased stiffness parameter ␤ (4.2 versus 3.8; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.68; P ϭ 0.02), an increased elastic incremental modulus E inc (0.35 versus 0.27 kPa · 10 3 ; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.12; P Ͻ 0.001). Multiple regression analyses in all subjects revealed that ESRD was associated with an increase in ␤ and E inc . Arterial wall properties of patients currently on dialysis and transplanted patients were comparable. In all patients, current systolic hypertension was associated with increased E inc and decreased DC. In conclusion, carotid arterial wall stiffness is increased in young adult patients with pediatric ESRD. Hypertension is a main determinant and might be a target for treatment of these potentially lethal arterial wall changes.Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (1-4). Cardiovascular causes of death are relatively uncommon under the age of 40 yr in the general population. Yet, cardiovascular diseases also account for most deaths in patients with ESRD aged between 25 and 44 yr (1). There are indications that even in children and young adults with ESRD since childhood, cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death, similar to older ESRD patients. We performed a long-term follow up study on the somatic, social, and psychologic outcome of children with ESRD. Over 25% of all patients had died, all of them under the age of 36 yr. We found cardiovascular disease to be the most important cause of death in the whole group, and cardiac death most prominent in those patients who died more than 10 yr after beginning renal replacement therapy (RRT) (5).Clinical studies have shown that increased stiffness of the large arteries independently contributes to the high mortality in dialysis patients over 40 yr of age (6 -8). Recently, studies performed with electron beam CT have shown coronary calcifications in adolescents and young adults with ESRD (9 -11). However, these studies concern only a few patients; to date, no data exist on arterial wall distensibility in young adult patients with ESRD since childhood. The purpose of this study was to assess the pre...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Increased Arterial Stiffness in Young Adults with End-Stage Renal Disease since Childhood

Groothoff

Gruppen²,

Offringa³

et al. 2002

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The time step used for this simulation was 0.0005 s and the convergence criteria for all variables were 10 -3 . As cerebral arteries are less elastic than other large arteries (Hayashi et al, 1980), the change in fluid domain due to deformation of the artery wall is usually negligible and instead of using two-way coupled (bidirectional) FSI, the wall pressure obtained from fluid flow analysis was used as an input boundary condition in the structural analysis which is unidirectional FSI. For the structural analysis ANSYS-MECHANICAL software was used.…”

Section: Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Hemodynamics of Lateral Cerebral Aneurysm Following Coil Embolization

Ahmed

Šutalo

Kavnoudias

et al. 2011

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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Cerebral aneurysms can be treated by coil embolization within the aneurysm sac to alter the local hemodynamics and lower the wall shear stress (WSS) by making the aneurysmal flow inactive. This study investigates the hemodynamics of a lateral wall cerebral aneurysm with coils incorporating fluid-structure interaction (FSI) where the effect of apparent viscosity on thrombus formation is analysed considering the non-Newtonian behaviour of the blood. Three-dimensional transient incompressible laminar flow fields were predicted inside the aneurysm with coils at the proximal and distal neck ends with straight and curved parent vessels. The predictions showed the WSS and the effective stress were highest at the neck region, but the maximum wall displacement occurred at the dome. The coils at the distal neck performed better compared to the coils at the proximal neck in terms of reduced flow rate and higher apparent viscosity. The cerebral aneurysm with coils and curved parent vessel was subjected to higher inflow, displacement and WSS but lower apparent viscosity compared to the one with a straight parent vessel, and therefore has a greater risk of aneurysm wall damage. Hypertension increased the effective stress and displacement on the aneurysm. In patients with hypertension, more emphasis should be placed on ensuring that coils are densely packed at the distal end, especially for curved parent vessels.

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“…Sclerosis was clinically measured using three ultrasound methods: stiffness parameter β, 30) distensibility, 31) and strain parameters. 32) The formulae for these parameters are as follows:…”

Section: Measurement Of Thoracic Aortic Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Transesophageal Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atherosclerosis

Nishino

Tanouchi

2008

Korean Circ J

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Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a promising method for evaluating thoracic aortic atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerosis. The highest impact of TEE as a clinical tool is in searching for cardiac embolic sources in patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation and in conducting detailed evaluations in patients with valvular disease, especially those with mitral valvular disease. However, it is also clinically useful in the evaluation of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerosis. TEE is capable of evaluating thoracic aortic atherosis (intima-media complex thickness) and sclerosis (stiffness parameter β) simultaneously. In addition, TEE can evaluate coronary atherosclerosis by non-invasively revealing narrowing or occlusion of the coronary arteries and providing information about coronary flow reserve. TEE imaging has improved with the advent of harmonic imaging, multiplane probes, contrast agents, and three-dimensional TEE. Future technology, including integrated backscatter (IBS), tissue Doppler, and strain imaging, will lead to further improvements in TEE. Thoracic aortic atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerosis assessment should be performed in any patient undergoing TEE.

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Stiffness and elastic behavior of human intracranial and extracranial arteries

Cited by 554 publications

References 20 publications

Increased Arterial Stiffness in Young Adults with End-Stage Renal Disease since Childhood

Increased Arterial Stiffness in Young Adults with End-Stage Renal Disease since Childhood

Numerical Investigation of Hemodynamics of Lateral Cerebral Aneurysm Following Coil Embolization

Transesophageal Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atherosclerosis

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