“…Many researchers have proved that the longterm oxidation processes can lead to permanent alterations to the state and properties of a soil, including plasticity (Cotecchia & Chandler, 1995), fissures (Chandler & Apted, 1988), swelling (Cafaro & Cotecchia, 2001), sensitivity (Chandler, 1972(Chandler, , 2000, compressibility (Cafaro & Cotecchia, 2001) and stiffness (Cafaro & Cotecchia, 2001;Chandler, 2010). Furthermore, the oxidation of soil, which results in significant alterations in both soil structure and chemical substances, has been regarded as of key importance (Chandler, 1972).…”