Sticking prevention during fine-ore metallization in two-stage smelting-reduction processes

Neuschütz, D.

doi:10.1002/srin.199101306

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The presence of CO 2 in CO makes the fibrous iron shorter and sparser, especially when the content of CO 2 is 30 vol%, the iron appears as "cactus-like". D. Neuschütz and S. Hayashi et al 34,[54][55][56] suggest that the sulfur content in the reducing gas has an important influence on the morphology of metallic iron and thus on sticking behavior. Usually the gaseous sulfur is considered to have an effect on promoting the formation of fibrous iron.…”

Section: The Bonding Effect Of Iron Whiskersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Prevention of Sticking during Fluidized Bed Reduction of Fine Iron Ore

et al. 2020

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The fluidized bed ironmaking technology has attracted the attention of many researchers for decades as a direct reduction ironmaking method with many advantages. This process has been applied as a pretreatment method in many non-blast furnace ironmaking processes. However, the sticking problem hindered its development greatly. Defining the essential cause of sticking, and fundamentally solving this problem are the key steps encountered by this process. The research works related to the prevention of sticking problem during fluidized bed reduction of fine iron ore are comprehensively summarized in this article. The causes of sticking, the influencing factors of sticking and the solution of sticking are firstly discussed, followed by the analysis on the possible development direction of future fluidized bed ironmaking technology.

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Section: The Bonding Effect Of Iron Whiskersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Prevention of Sticking during Fluidized Bed Reduction of Fine Iron Ore

et al. 2020

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“…[3][4][5] Approximately 20 years ago, the carbon-adhering process was introduced as an effective method to prevent sticking. [6] An [7] studied the mineral constituents, microstructure, chemical compositions, and reduction degree of the carbon-adhering hematite fines in the fluidization state, and it was found that carbon generated from 2CO = CO 2 + C in 823 K (550°C) adsorption process took place on the mineral reduction process, which could speed up the reduction and prevent the sticking effectively. Hematite was first reduced from Fe 2 O 3 to Fe 3 O 4 , and Fe 3 O 4 was partially converted to FeO subsequently, which indicated that the carbon adhered on the Fe 3 O 4 surface mainly, as also confirmed by the study by Yaojun.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Functional Theory Study on the Carbon-Adhering Reaction on Fe3O4(111) Surface

Zhong

Zou

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans B

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The density functional theory (DFT) has been employed to investigate the carbon-adhering reaction on Fe 3 O 4 (111) surface, which consists of two steps: (1) the adsorption of CO onto the Fe 3 O 4 (111) surface and (2) the second CO seizes an O atom from CO, which adsorbed on the surface, to form a CO 2 molecule and the C atom left behind adheres onto the Fe 3 O 4 (111) surface. At step 1, there are five stable configurations of CO adsorbed onto Fe oct2 -terminated Fe 3 O 4 (111) surface and four stable formations of CO adsorbed onto the Fe tet1 -terminated Fe 3 O 4 (111) surface. The top configurations of these two surfaces are most stable. Moreover, a density of the state (DOS) analysis is used to investigate the bonding mechanism of CO adsorbed onto these two surfaces. The results reveal the new C-O bonds generation on two surfaces, which is important and necessary for the formation of a CO 2 molecule. Besides, the transition states (TS) are searched to analyze the energy barrier in the process of CO 2 desorption from two surfaces. The result indicates that the oxidation reaction of adsorbed CO molecule and surface O atom is feasible. For step 2, the result shows that the carbon-adhering reaction occurs only on the top site of Fe oct2 atom and the magnetite plays a catalytic role in the carbonadhering reaction process.

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“…Iron ores with higher surface area and higher porosity used to show higher reducibility. In context with fluidized bed reduction of iron ore, sticking was a main topic for former research . This work is not focussed on sticking, because of process temperatures from ambient temperature up to 760 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In context with fluidized bed reduction of iron ore, sticking was a main topic for former research. [13][14][15] This work is not focussed on sticking, because of process temperatures from ambient temperature up to 760 8C. Such a reduction temperature is too low for significant sticking mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction Behavior and Structural Evolution of Iron Ores in Fluidized Bed Technologies—Part 2: Characterization and Evaluation of Worldwide Traded Fine Iron Ore Brands

Pichler

Mali

Plaul

et al. 2015

steel research int.

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The reduction of iron ore fines by means of fluidized bed technology has become an alternative route of ironmaking. To investigate the reduction behavior of fine ores and to improve fluidized bed processes, a lab scale fluidized bed facility is installed. The reactor is charged with different kinds of fine ores. The reactors get fluidized by a reducing gas mixture containing H2, H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, and N2 in variable range. Additionally, a sampling system is installed, which enables the sampling of bed material during reduction. All samples are analyzed regarding their grain size distribution, chemistry, and morphology. The comparison of the raw input ore with the reduced ore—bed samples during the tests and final material—leads to a new way of fine ore characterization. After the determination of a standardized process, globally traded iron ore fines are tested under the same process conditions. The results enable the validation of the morphological evolution of different iron ore types and brands (hematitic, magnetitic, and limonitic) during the reduction with CO‐rich reducing gas in fluidized bed processes. Further investigation on the structure and porosity of the different phases is done to evaluate the relation to reduction rate and final reduction degree.

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Sticking prevention during fine-ore metallization in two-stage smelting-reduction processes

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

A Review on Prevention of Sticking during Fluidized Bed Reduction of Fine Iron Ore

A Review on Prevention of Sticking during Fluidized Bed Reduction of Fine Iron Ore

Density Functional Theory Study on the Carbon-Adhering Reaction on Fe3O4(111) Surface

Reduction Behavior and Structural Evolution of Iron Ores in Fluidized Bed Technologies—Part 2: Characterization and Evaluation of Worldwide Traded Fine Iron Ore Brands

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