Stevia rebaudiana Methanolic Leaf Extract in Egypt: Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antilipid Peroxidation, Antihemolytic, Antimetastatic, and Anticancer Properties

Abstract

The phenolic and flavonoid content of the Stevia rebaudiana hydromethanolic extract (SRHME) was examined, and phytochemical identification using GC-mass spectrometry was achieved. Also, the antioxidant, antihemolytic, and antilipid peroxidation capabilities of the extract were assessed. The extract’s potential to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, and reduce metastasis in SKVO3 cells was also checked. The findings of the GC-MS chromatogram demonstrated the existence of bioactive antioxidants and anticancer components in SRHME. Moreover, the extract demonstrated protection against cellular oxidative damage in human erythrocytes by preventing lipid peroxidation and hemolysis. Besides, SRHME demonstrated a selective cytotoxic effect with a strong IC50 value (17.5 µg/ml) on SKVO3 cells without any harmful effects on normal WI-38 cells using the MTT and LDH tests. Additionally, according to assays for wound healing and transwell chamber, the studied extract suppressed the ability of SKOV3 cells from migrating and invading, respectively. Also, the extract-treated SKVO3 cells showed rise in the percentage of apoptotic cells with a prominent comet nucleus, according to apoptotic assays in comparison to untreated cells. Furthermore, a flow cytometry analysis of SRHME-treated SKVO3 cells showed a halt in the S phase and an increase in sub-G1 apoptotic cells (25.44%). Also, the tested extract significantly decreased the levels of ROS in the treated cells, indicating that ROS was involved in the production of SKVO3 apoptosis. Lastly, SRHME strongly impacted the expression levels of proteins related to apoptosis, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and antimetastatic capacity in the treated SKVO3 cells.

Biological Applications of Thiourea Derivatives: Detailed Review

“…It was shown that a sizable portion of the cells were created in the S phase, suggesting that apoptosis was initiated and that the cell cycle was stopped at that point. This result demonstrates that compound 49 therapy is effective in stopping the growth of cancer cells and can disturb normal cell cycle progression [66,67].…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity of New N,N′-Diarylthiourea Derivative against Breast Cancer Cells

“…These kinds of proteins control the cell cycle by modulating the functions of complexes made up of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). For instance, CDK2/cyclin inhibition can trigger S-phase progression delays [30]. One of the most important strategies for halting the expansion of cancer cells is to disrupt their normal cell cycle progression [30].…”

“…For instance, CDK2/cyclin inhibition can trigger S-phase progression delays [30]. One of the most important strategies for halting the expansion of cancer cells is to disrupt their normal cell cycle progression [30]. Thus, by using flow cytometry, it was probable to analyze the influence of compound 4 on the control of the MCF-7 cell cycle progression.…”

The protective effect of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana against tartrazine toxicity in male Wistar rat

“…Then, the final powder of ASE was weighed and stored in clean falcon tubes at −20°C until usage as described before, 19 and it was carried out at Cairo University's Faculty of Science's Micro Analytical Centre.…”

“…The atomic mass unit (AMU) range (m/z) for the MS scan was 50-550, with a solvent delay of 30 min and electron impact (EI) ionization at 70 eV. The NIST mass spectral search programme for the NIST/EPA/NIH mass spectral library Version 2.2 was used to identify the constituents by mass fragmentations, as mentioned in the previous research, 19 and it was performed at the central lab at the faculty of science at Ain Shams University.…”