Sterols as markers of sewage contamination in a tropical urban estuary (Guanabara Bay, Brazil): space?time variations

Carreira, Renato S.

doi:10.1016/s0272-7714(04)00062-9

Cited by 101 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…However, the ΣPAH concentrations in the present study were much lower than those previously reported in the following coastal regions: Yeongil Bay (205-10,686 ng/g dry wt) (Moon et al, 2001a), Ulsan Bay (6.0-2,396 ng/g dry wt) (Moon et al, 2001b), Masan Bay (207-2,670 ng/g dry wt) (Yim et al, 2005), Gamak Bay (130-2,100 ng/g dry wt) (Li et al, 2007), Masan Bay (130-3,964 ng/g dry wt) (Choi et al, 2005b), Ulsan Bay (141-8,257 ng/g dry wt) (Choi et al, 2005a), and the Mokpo coast, Korea (43-7,902 ng/g dry wt) . In addition, the concentrations of COP in the present study were much lower than those reported in Boston Harbor, USA (260-12,000 ng/g dw) (Eganhouse and Sherblom, 2001), Cootes Paradise, Ontario, Canada (150-38,000 ng/g dw) (Mayer et al, 2007), Santa Monica Bay, USA (70-45,260 ng/g dry wt) (Venkatesan et al, 2010), and Guanabara Bay, Brazil (330-40,000 ng/g dry wt) (Carreira et al, 2004). Therefore, it can be concluded that sewage pollution in the Gunsan coast is low, compared to some other locations worldwide.…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonscontrasting

confidence: 72%

Chemical Contamination and Toxicity of Sediments from the Gunsan Coast, Korea

Lee¹,

Choi²,

Hwang³

et al. 2012

Fisheries and aquatic sciences

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), butyltins (BTs), nonylphenol (NP), and fecal sterols concentrations in sediments were investigated from Gunsan coast of Korea to evaluate organic pollution from anthropogenic activities. Sediment toxicity was also examined by bacterial bioluminescence toxicity test (Vibrio fischeri). The concentrations of 16 PAHs in sediments ranged from 67.9 to 425 ng/g dry wt; BTs ranged from 2.79 to 14.1 ng Sn/g dry wt; NP ranged from 20.7 to 2171 ng/g dry wt; and coprostanol, a fecal sterol, ranged from 7.60 to 245 ng/g dry wt. Effective concentration 50% (EC 50 ) of sediments ranged from 0.38 to 23.8 mg/ mL. Most of the chemicals were present at levels lower than or comparable to the previously reported values from Korea. However, NP levels in the present study were in the high range of levels reported from the Korean coast, and 40% of the measured samples exceeded screening and ecotoxicological values of NP suggested by the Netherlands and Canada. This suggests that an ongoing source of NP is a serious concern in the Gunsan coast. High levels of contaminants were found in the proximity of potential sources, such as the outfall of a wastewater treatment plant for NP, an anthracite-fired power plant for PAHs, and ports for BTs, fecal sterols, and sediment toxicity. This indicates that Gunsan coast has various potential sources of marine sediment contaminants.

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Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonscontrasting

confidence: 72%

Chemical Contamination and Toxicity of Sediments from the Gunsan Coast, Korea

Lee¹,

Choi²,

Hwang³

et al. 2012

Fisheries and aquatic sciences

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“…Stations 1, 2 and 3, closer to REDUC, are permanently influenced by the effluent and atmospheric processes, and they, especially the mangrove area (MACIEL-SOUZA et al, 2006), were recently impacted by oil spills. High levels of coprostanol (an indicator of fecal contamination) were recently reported in the region near stations 2 and 3, and were the highest anywhere in the bay (CARREIRA et al, 2004). These sediments also showed acute toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…High nutrient concentrations are found in the internal areas, such as the northwestern margin (PARANHOS et al, 1998;KJERFVE, 2002). The severe eutrophication has made GB waters unsuitable for recreational use and led to a decline in fisheries of up to 90% in recent years (CARREIRA et al, 2004;MARQUES-JUNIOR et al, 2006). Despite the intense urbanization around most of GB, its northeastern area is still surrounded by mangroves, which are legally protected by the Guapimirim Environmental Protection Area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and chronic toxicity of sediment samples from Guanabara Bay (RJ) during the rainy period

et al. 2010

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A B S T R A C TGuanabara Bay is a marine-estuarine environment of high ecological and socio-economic importance, subject to a variety of environmental impacts. Sediment is the eventual repository for most substances introduced into water bodies and may, therefore, provide an integrated measure of the environmental quality, which can be assessed by many different approaches. In this project, the quality of sediments from Guanabara Bay was evaluated by the ecotoxicological approach: whole-sediment toxicity tests, using Tiburonella viscana, and porewater, elutriate and sediment-water interface chronic toxicity tests, using embryos of Lytechinus variegatus, were applied. Sediments were collected at 14 sampling stations, distributed across the bay. Chronic tests showed significant toxicity in most of the sediment samples. Sediments from stations 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 15 showed acute toxicity as well. The results of the different tests were well correlated, and their integration showed that the sediments analyzed were considered unsuitable for aquatic life, resulting in the environmental degradation of Guanabara Bay. In this context, the control of pollution sources and multi-purpose management are required to improve the environmental quality. R E S U M OA Baía de Guanabara é um ambiente marinho-estuarino de grande relevância ecológica e sócio-econômica, e sujeita a uma ampla gama de impactos ambientais. O sedimento é o principal destino para a maioria das substâncias introduzidas nos corpos d'água, podendo fornecer uma medida integrada da qualidade ambiental, a qual pode ser avaliada por várias abordagens. Neste projeto, a qualidade de sedimentos da Baía de Guanabara foi por uma abordagem ecotoxicológica, por meio de testes de toxicidade aguda de sedimento integral, utilizando Tiburonella viscana, e testes de toxicidade crônica de água intersticial, elutriato e interface sedimento-água, utilizando embriões de Lytechinus variegatus. Os sedimentos foram coletados em 14 estações de amostragem. Nos testes crônicos houve efeitos significativos na maioria das amostras, enquanto os sedimentos coletados nas estações 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 e 15 apresentaram também toxicidade aguda. Houve grande concordância entre os resultados dos diferentes testes, e sua integração mostrou que os sedimentos analisados encontram-se inadequados à vida aquática, indicando degradação ambiental na baía da Guanabara. Nesse contexto, o controle das fontes poluidoras e o gerenciamento dos múltiplos usos da baía devem ser implementados, no sentido da melhora da qualidade ambiental.

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“…The increasing accumulation of sewage in the sediments over the last 100 years in Guanabara Bay has recently been confirmed by the use of coprostanol as a marker (Carreira et al, 2004). In the present study, the sewage contamination in the southwestern part of the bay (Botafogo Cove) has been evaluated in terms of the distribution of both coprostanol (and other faecal sterols) and faecal coliform in superficial sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Analytical conditions for the sterol analyses were based on Carreira et al (2004). Briefly, 5g of dry sediment were extracted with 200 ml of a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (2:1 v/v) for 20 h. Before extraction, androstanol (5α-androstan-3β-ol) was added to the samples as surrogate.…”

Section: Sterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison between faecal sterols and coliform counts in the investigation of sewage contamination in sediments

Costa

Carreira

2005

Braz. j. oceanogr.

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nine sediment samples (0-2 cm) were collected from Botafogo Cove (southwestern part of Guanabara Bay) in order to compare the use of chemical (coprostanol) and biological markers (E. coli and total coliforms) in identifying faecal contamination. The values found (organic carbon -6.0 to 64.8 mg g -1 ; coprostanol -1.4 to 105 µg g -1 ; E. coli -< 30 to 2400 NMP/10g and total coliforms -40 to 9300 NMP/10g) were similar to or even higher than those observed in other contaminated areas of Guanabara Bay. In stations close to the shoreline, both coprostanol concentration and bacteria count confirmed that domestic sewage had accumulated in the cove. Coprostanol concentrations were still relatively high in the stations furthest from contamination sources, although faecal material represented a smaller fraction of the total organic carbon originated by dilution in waters containing algae. Reduction was proportionately higher by virtue of the use of the colimetric assessment method. This result may be associated with the effect that environmental variables (light, salinity, temperature) may have on the survival of bacteria during transport and deposition of sewage particles. Consequently, based on these results, coprostanol may be considered the better indicator of the faecal contamination level in Botafogo Cove sediments. R E S U M OEm setembro de 2002, foram coletadas nove amostras de sedimento superficial (0-2 cm) na Enseada de Botafogo (sudoeste da Baía de Guanabara/RJ), a fim de comparar o uso de marcadores químicos (coprostanol) e biológicos (E. coli e coliformes totais) na identificação da contaminação fecal da região. Os resultados obtidos (carbono orgânico -6,0 to 64,8 mg g -1 ; coprostanol -1,4 to 105 µg g -1 ; E. coli -< 30 to 2400 NMP/10g e coliformes totais -40 to 9300 NMP/10g) foram iguais ou maiores aos observados em outras áreas contaminadas da Baía de Guanabara. Nas estações próximas à linha de costa, as concentrações de coprostanol e as contagens das bactérias confirmaram que o esgoto doméstico se acumulou no sedimento da enseada. As concentrações de coprostanol se mantiveram altas nas estações distantes das fontes de contaminação, porém o material fecal representou uma menor fração do carbono orgânico. Nessas mesmas estações, redução na contagem de colimetria foi proporcionalmente mais alta, provavelmente pela baixa sobrevivência das bactérias devido ao efeito de luz, salinidade e temperatura. durante o transporte e deposição das partículas de esgoto. Portanto, baseando-se nos resultados obtidos, o coprostanol foi um indicador mais adequado da contaminação fecal nos sedimentos da Enseada de Botafogo.

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Sterols as markers of sewage contamination in a tropical urban estuary (Guanabara Bay, Brazil): space?time variations

Cited by 101 publications

References 0 publications

Chemical Contamination and Toxicity of Sediments from the Gunsan Coast, Korea

Chemical Contamination and Toxicity of Sediments from the Gunsan Coast, Korea

Acute and chronic toxicity of sediment samples from Guanabara Bay (RJ) during the rainy period

A comparison between faecal sterols and coliform counts in the investigation of sewage contamination in sediments

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