Steroidal saponin concentrations in Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha at different developmental stages

Brum, Karine Bonucielli; Haraguchi, Mitsue; Garutti, Mirella Biasoli; Nóbrega, Fernanda Nogarol; Rosa, Beneval; Fíoravantí, Maria Clorínda Soares

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782008005000034

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Regardless of the season and the plant development, intoxication cases were described. Brum et al (2009) found the protodioscin contents for U. brizantha and U. decumbens at different stages of development to be 5.30 g kg -1 and 20.9 g kg -1 , respectively. Lemos et al (1998) reported two intoxication cases in caprines kept in Urochloa decumbens in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in the dry season.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Grasses of the Urochloa genus have been reported as the main causes of hepatogenous poisoning in ruminants. The disease is attributed to steroid lithogenic saponins in these grasses (BRUM et al, 2009;RIET-CORREA et al, 2011). One of the major clinical signs of intoxication photosensitivity is lesions on the skin after exposure to sunlight due to the accumulation of subcutaneous tissue filoeritrina (SANTOS et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-nutritional potential of protodioscin and kinetics of degradation in Urochloa grasses

Leal

Ítavo

Valle³

et al. 2016

SCA

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This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of Urochloa exotic grasses to quantify aspects of antiquality and to identify their correlation with quality grasses. We evaluated the grasses U. humidicola cv. Comum, U. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi, U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, D70 U. decumbens and U. ruziziensis ecotype R124, and we grouped them into summer, autumn, winter and spring. We determined the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, levels of protodioscin and cumulative gas production from the leaves of grass materials in nature. Basilisk and D70 showed higher content protodioscin in all seasons, with the highest values (31.4 and 27.4 g kg -1 , respectively) in spring. D70 had a crude protein content of 140.0 g kg -1 in summer and a better in vitro digestibility of dry matter (888.7 g kg -1 ). R124 had a higher cumulative gas production in the spring (16.44 mL gas 100 mg DM -1 ). U. humidicola (Comum and BRS Tupi) presented lower protodioscin concentrations (1.22 and 1.07 g kg DM -1 , respectively), and U. decumbens (Basilisk and D70) presented higher concentrations (27.25 and 24.55 g kg DM -1 , respectively). The presence of protodioscin interfered with in vitro digestibility results and cumulative gas production in vitro. Key words: Fodder. Gas production. In vitro digestibility. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar o valor nutricional e quantificar os aspectos de anti-qualidade e suas correlações com a qualidade de gramíneas exóticas do gênero Urochloa. Foram avaliadas as gramíneas Urochloa. humidicola cv. Comum, Urochloa humidicola cv. BRS Tupi, Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk, Urochloa decumbens ecotipo D70 e Urochloa ruziziensis ecotipo R124 e agrupadas em épocas verão, 1 Projeto financiado pelo CNPq, (processo n° 563988/2010-0) e pela FUNDECT (processo 23/200.145/2011).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-nutritional potential of protodioscin and kinetics of degradation in Urochloa grasses

Leal

Ítavo

Valle³

et al. 2016

SCA

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“…El grupo de terneros afectados procedía de zonas sin Brachiaria, y fueron colocados a pastar en un potrero que tenía 2 meses de haber sido sembrado con Brachiaria decumbens, pudiendo ser un factor de riesgo para la presentación del brote, concordando con lo reportado por Gracindo et al (6) y Lima et al (27), quienes encontraron valores medios de saponina protodioscina más elevados a los 60 días en B. decumbens, indicando que las plantas jóvenes contienen cuatro veces más saponina protodioscina que plantas maduras y viejas, por lo que algunos brotes de DFS ocurren cuando los animales son colocados en potreros que llevan algún tiempo sin utilización, después de la temporada de lluvias o en el periodo de rebrote del pasto como sucedió en los meses en los cuales se realizó el estudio, que coincide con las primeras lluvias en la costa norte de Colombia. Sin embargo, Brum et al (28), manifiestan que las mayores concentraciones de saponinas protodioscina se encuentran en la fase de maduración de la Brachiaria, coincidiendo con la caída de semillas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Clinical and histopathological study of the phototoxic dermatitis in Zebu calves in grazing of Brachiaria decumbens

2016

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RESUMENObjetivo. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar los aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de la Dermatitis Fototóxica Secundaria (DFS), debidos a la ingestión de Brachiaria decumbens en terneros cebú (Bos indicus) del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron doce terneros Cebú, machos, de 12 a 18 meses de edad, con DFS diagnosticados clínica, histopatológicamente y exámenes de laboratorio. Resultados. Clínicamente, se evidenciaron signos de fotofobia, deshidratación, emaciación progresiva, mucosas ictéricas y lesiones cutáneas como res-quebramiento de la piel con aspecto apergaminado, desprendimiento cutáneo y formación de costras en grandes extensiones. Las lesiones se ubicaron bilateralmente en diferentes áreas de la piel en orejas, región perineal, epigástrica y costal. La pruebas serológicas arrojaron elevada actividad catalítica de las enzimas hepáticas GGT y AST indicando lesión hepática compatible con colestasis. Histopatológicamente, se observó en hematoxilina eosina, dermatitis necrótica crónica, en tricrómico de gómori, se observó escasa proliferación dérmica de fibroblastos desorganizados, escasa presencia de tejido conjuntivo difuso y fibras de colágeno desorganizadas y en picrosirius red/polarización, se observó áreas de birrefringencia rojiza y verde-amarillenta, indicando moderada presencia de colágeno maduro tipo I (color rojo brillante en la polarización) y de tipo III (color verde-amarillento brillante en la polarización). Conclusiones. El diagnóstico definitivo de la enfermedad se fundamentó en las características clínicas, en los resultados de laboratorio y en los hallazgos histopatológicos, siendo concluyentes como métodos de diagnóstico de la DFS. En la literatura consultada no existen reportes de estudios de DFS en terneros Cebú del departamento de Córdoba y en Colombia.Palabras clave: Bovinos, fotosensibilización hepatógena, intoxicación alimentaria, intoxicación por plantas, (Fuente: MeSh). ABSTRACTObjective. The objective was to study the clinical and histopathological aspects of Phototoxic Dermatitis Secondary (PDS), secondary to ingestion of Brachiaria decumbens in Zebu calves (Bos indicus) department of Cordoba, Colombia. Materials and methods. Twelve calves Zebu, male, 12 to 18 months, PDS diagnosed with clinical, histopathologically studied and laboratory exams. Results. 5367Clinically, signs of photophobia, dehydration, progressive emaciation, icteric mucous membranes and skin lesions as res-breaking with leathery skin appearance, skin peeling and scabbing over large areas were evident. The lesions were located bilaterally in different areas of the skin in ears, perineal region, epigastric and costal. Serological tests gave the high catalytic activity of the liver enzymes AST and GGT indicating liver injury consistent with cholestasis. Histopathologically was observed in hematoxylin eosin, chronic necrotic dermatitis, in trichrome Gomori poor dermal proliferation disorganized fibroblasts, low presence of diffuse connective tissue and collagen fib...

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“…Several factors, including stress situations, such as infections by bacteria and fungi, increased temperature, and insolation, may influence saponin concentration and hence the occurrence of outbreaks of photosensitization (BRUM et al, 2009;OLIVEIRA et al, 2013). The stage of growth of the plant is also important; in most cases, saponin concentrations are higher in growing plants, but outbreaks occur throughout the year, probably due to an unexplained rise in saponin concentrations in the plant (RIET-CORREA et al, 2011c).…”

Section: Plants That Cause Photosensitivity In Ruminants In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants that cause photosensitivity in ruminants in Brazil

Knupp

Riet-Correa

et al. 2016

SCA

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This study aimed to review the mechanisms of action, clinical signs, pathology, and toxic compounds of plants that cause photosensitivity in ruminants. In addition, we sought to clarify the diagnostic methods and prophylaxis of photosensitivity-induced plants. Photosensitizing plants constitute an important group of poisonous plants in Brazil and there are at least seventeen species distributed in nine genera. Some of these plants have well known toxic compounds; in others, the substance responsible for the disease is unknown. In general, the photosensitivity can be classified as primary or secondary. Among the plants causing primary photosensitivity in Brazil, Ammi majus contains furocoumarins, while the compound in Froelichia humboldtiana remains uncertain. The known toxic compounds causing secondary photosensitivity include pyrrolizidine alkaloids, furans sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, and steroidal saponins. In other plants causing secondary photosensitization, including Stryphnodendron spp. and Enterolobium spp., the toxic compound is still unknown. Future research should be conducted in order to determine the various mechanisms of action of each toxic compound to assist the diagnosis of photosensitivity, to develop less toxic or non-toxic cultivars, or even to find new ways of preventing photosensitization. Key words: Cow. Goat. Sheep. Intoxication. Poisonous plants. ResumoO presente trabalho teve como objetivo revisar os mecanismos de ação, os sinais clínicos, a patologia e os princípios tóxicos das plantas que causam fotossensibilização em ruminantes. Além disso, buscou-se esclarecer, de maneira sucinta e objetiva, os métodos diagnósticos e a profilaxia da fotossensibilização induzida por plantas. Plantas fotossensibilizantes em ruminantes constituem um grupo importante de plantas tóxicas no Brasil, existindo pelo menos 17 espécies de plantas fotossensibilizantes distribuídas em nove gêneros. Algumas delas têm princípio ativo conhecido; em outras não se conhecem as substâncias responsáveis pela doença. Em geral, a fotossensibilização pode ser classificada como primária e secundária. Das plantas descritas como fotossensibilizantes primárias no Brasil, apenas a Ammi majus teve seu princípio tóxico identificado (furocumarinas), enquanto o da Froelichia humboldtiana continua incerto. Outros princípios ativos fotossensibilizantes também foram descritos em plantas, porém causando fotossensibilização secundária, dentre eles estão os alcalóides pirrolizidínicos, os furanossesquiterpenos, os triterpenos, e as saponinas esteroidais. Existem ainda plantas reconhecidamente fotossensibilizantes secundárias que não apresentam princípio tóxico conhecido, como as do gênero Striphnodendron e

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Steroidal saponin concentrations in Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha at different developmental stages

Abstract: Brachiaria

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Anti-nutritional potential of protodioscin and kinetics of degradation in Urochloa grasses

Anti-nutritional potential of protodioscin and kinetics of degradation in Urochloa grasses

Clinical and histopathological study of the phototoxic dermatitis in Zebu calves in grazing of Brachiaria decumbens

Plants that cause photosensitivity in ruminants in Brazil

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