Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome–Associated MYO1E Mutations Have Differential Effects on Myosin 1e Localization, Dynamics, and Activity

Abstract

Background: Myo1e is a non-muscle motor protein enriched in podocytes, with mutations in MYO1E associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Most of the MYO1E variants identified by genomic sequencing have not been functionally characterized. Here, we set out to analyze two mutations in the Myo1e motor domain, T119I and D388H, selected based on protein sequence conservation. Methods: EGFP-tagged human MYO1e constructs were delivered into the Myo1e-KO mouse podocyte-derived cells via adenoviral infection to analyze Myo1e protein stability, Myo1e localization, and clathrin-dependent endocytosis, which is known to involve Myo1e activity. Furthermore, truncated MYO1e constructs were expressed using the baculovirus expression system and used to measure Myo1e ATPase and motor activity in vitro. Results: Both mutants were expressed as full-length proteins in the Myo1e-KO cells. However, unlike wild-type (WT) Myo1e, the T119I variant was not enriched at the cell junctions or clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). In contrast, D388H variant localization was similar to WT. The rate of dissociation of the D388H variant from cell-cell junctions and CCVs was decreased, suggesting that this mutation affects Myo1e interactions with binding partners. ATPase activity and ability to translocate actin filaments were drastically reduced for the D388H mutant, supporting findings from cell-based experiments. Conclusions: T119I and D388H mutations are deleterious to Myo1e functions. The experimental approaches used in this study can be applied to future characterization of novel MYO1E variants associated with SRNS.