Steroid receptor status, proliferation and metallothionein expression in primary invasive ductal breast cancers

Surowiak, Paweł; Paluchowski, Piotr; Wysocka, Teresa; Wojnar, Andrzej; Zabel, Maciej

doi:10.1007/bf03033762

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…(23) Moreover, even if the expression of ER and proliferation indices, like Ki-67, might be involved in distinct pathological and molecular features during breast cancer development, (24) at the end of the process a negative correlation between the expression of ER and the proliferation marker Ki-67 in the primary tumor is recognizable. (25,26) In addition, the extent of the observed shift in the peak positions for ERP and ERN cases is compatible with a differential growth time of the metastatic phase, which has been Fig. 1.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

Recurrence and mortality dynamics for breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy according to estrogen receptor status: Different mortality but similar recurrence

Demicheli

Biganzoli

Ardoino³

et al. 2010

Cancer Science

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The purpose was to ascertain whether the recurrence risk patterns for patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (P) and ER-negative (N) breast cancer support the ER-related clinical divergence suggested by the observed different mortality patterns and gene expression profiles. Both recurrence and death were considered in a series of 771 patients undergoing mastectomy. ER status was available for 539 patients. The hazard rates for recurrence and mortality throughout 15 years of follow-up were assessed. The recurrence dynamics displays a bimodal pattern for both ERP and ERN tumors with comparable peak timings. The two curves cross during the 3rd year. By contrast, the mortality dynamics are definitely different for ERP and ERN tumors: during the early followup period ERN patients have their highest mortality risk, while ERP patients have their lowest mortality risk. The two curves cross during the 5th year. In spite of the different mortality dynamics, the recurrence dynamics do not demonstrate a major distinction in timing between ERP and ERN breast cancers, suggesting that the metastasis development process following mastectomy is apparently similar for both ER categories. The observed differences in the mortality risk are plausibly attributable to ER-related factors influencing the clinical course from recurrence to death. These clinical findings apparently contradict the occurrence of two different types of breast cancer, notwithstanding the distinct epidemiological, clinical, and molecular features linked to ERP and ERN tumors, although ER levels may concur to establish the event risk levels. (Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 826-830) S ince their detection, the steroid receptors were considered a reliable prognostic factor for recurrence and survival of early breast cancer.(1,2) This notion was challenged when both the more mature follow-up and the increased sample size of studies showed that the relationships weakened (3) and further investigations confirmed that the prognostic effect of the estrogen receptor (ER) content varies over time.(4-7) In particular, Hilsenbeck et al. (8) analyzed the disease-free survival in a large sample of breast cancer cases with up to 17 years of follow-up, and confirmed a remarkable crossover effect of the ER expression after about 3 years.At the population level, it was reported that the classically recognized inflection point in age-specific breast cancer rates at menopause [Clemmesen's Hook (9) ] reflects the convergence of two different rate curves, according to ER expression.(10) Both ER-positive (ERP) and ER-negative (ERN) tumors show a bimodal breast cancer population with peak frequencies near age 50 and 70 years. The first peak is dominant for ERN tumors, while ERP tumors display a higher second peak. A similar incidence pattern was even observed for other prognostic factors (size, grade, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, axillary node invasion) when categorized in a dichotomous way. Moreover, the hazard function for breast cancer death revealed quite different p...

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supporting

confidence: 62%

Recurrence and mortality dynamics for breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy according to estrogen receptor status: Different mortality but similar recurrence

Demicheli

Biganzoli

Ardoino³

et al. 2010

Cancer Science

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“…In recent years, metallothionein expression has been linked with carcinogenesis, resistance to cancer treatment and tumour progression. [5][6][7] Immunohistochemically detected metallothionein is not usually found in normal tissues, except in myoepithelial cells of the breast and epithelial cells of the kidney and thyroid. 4 Overexpression of metallothionein occurs frequently in human malignant tumours, but the underlying mechanism is unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Metallothionein isoform II expression in hyperplastic, dysplastic and neoplastic prostatic lesions

El-Sharkawy

Abbas²,

Badawi³

et al. 2006

J Clin Pathol

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Background: Metallothionein is a low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich protein that has the ability to bind and sequestrate heavy metal ions. It is associated with metalloregulatory functions such as cell proliferation, growth and differentiation. Aims: To investigate the expression of metallothionein in hyperplastic, dysplastic and neoplastic prostatic lesions and to correlate its expression with histological grade of prostatic carcinoma. Method: The study was carried out on formalin-fixed and paraffin-wax-embedded tissue blocks from 8 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 6 patients with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and 30 patients with prostatic carcinoma, using the streptavidin-biotin technique. The histological grade was defined and the carcinomas were divided into low-grade (Gleason Score 2-4), 12 moderate grade (Gleason Score 5-6) and 10 high-grade (Gleason Score 7-10) carcinomas. Results: Patchy metallothionein staining of epithelial cells was observed in normal and benign prostatic tissues. All cases of PIN and 20 of 30 patients with prostatic carcinoma showed positive staining for metallothionein. Metallothionein expression considerably increased from low-grade to high-grade tumours. The proportion of cells staining positively for metallothionein was directly correlated with histological grade of prostatic carcinoma. The epithelial cells lack uniformity in staining intensity, but the percentage of strongly positive cells increased with the histological grade of prostatic carcinoma. Conclusions: The high incidence of metallothionein expression in PIN in our study suggests that it is associated with early prostate tumorigenesis. Also, metallothionein expression was directly correlated with the histological grade of prostatic carcinoma, suggesting that metallothionein may be a useful marker for predicting the prognosis of prostate cancer.

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Prognostic Markers in Prostatic Carcinoma

El-Sharkawy

Abbas

Elhefnawy

General Methods and Overviews, Lung Carcinoma and Prostate Carcinoma

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Steroid receptor status, proliferation and metallothionein expression in primary invasive ductal breast cancers

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Recurrence and mortality dynamics for breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy according to estrogen receptor status: Different mortality but similar recurrence

Recurrence and mortality dynamics for breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy according to estrogen receptor status: Different mortality but similar recurrence

Metallothionein isoform II expression in hyperplastic, dysplastic and neoplastic prostatic lesions

Prognostic Markers in Prostatic Carcinoma

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