Steroid hormones in emetic and non-emetic pregnancy

Järnfelt-Samsioe, Ann; Bremme, Katarina; Eneroth, P.

doi:10.1016/0028-2243(86)90047-x

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There are a number of theories regarding its aetiology [25,26], but a change in concentration of steroid hormones is thought to be the most likely cause [27]. A number of epidemiological studies have shown that women who smoke during pregnancy are affected to a much lesser degree than those who do not [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of smoking on postoperative nausea and vomiting

Chimbira

Sweeney

2000

Anaesthesia

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SummaryIn an attempt to quantify the postoperative effects of smoking, 327 consecutive patients undergoing arthroscopic day case knee surgery were given a standard anaesthetic consisting of an intravenous induction with propofol and fentanyl followed by inhalational maintenance using isoflurane in an oxygen and nitrous oxide mixture. Pre-operatively, patients were asked inter alia to give details of social smoking habits. Postoperatively, patients were given standard analgesic and anti-emetic drugs. Prior to discharge patients were asked to give details of postoperative nausea and vomiting together with details of the severity of postoperative pain. There were 85 smokers and 242 nonsmokers. Of the 327 patients, a total of 42 (13%) complained of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Of the smokers, only 6% complained of postoperative nausea and vomiting in contrast to 15% of the nonsmokers (p , 0.05). It is postulated that enzyme induction is the most likely reason for this anti-emetic effect. Possible ways in which this clinically beneficial mechanism can be utilised to improve outcome after anaesthesia are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of smoking on postoperative nausea and vomiting

Chimbira

Sweeney

2000

Anaesthesia

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“…An important function of the placenta is the production of reproductive hormones that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HG (Goodwin et al, 1994; Jarnfelt-Samsioe et al, 1986; Kauppila et al, 1979; Lagiou et al, 2003; Masson et al, 1985; Soules et al, 1980). Trophoblast-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 regulate the production and release of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (Kaplan et al, 2003).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies suggest that reproductive hormones (hCG, estrogen and progesterone) may be directly and indirectly responsible for the symptoms of NVP (Furneaux et al, 2001; Goodwin et al, 1994; Jarnfelt-Samsioe et al, 1986; Kauppila et al, 1979; Ladyman et al, 2004; Ladyman et al, 2011; Lagiou et al, 2003; Masson et al, 1985; Soules et al, 1980). …”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy - What's new?

Bustos

Venkataramanan²,

Caritis

2017

Autonomic Neuroscience

113

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Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is one of the most common disorders of pregnancy. The symptoms occur predominantly during the first trimester, although in a subgroup of patients they can continue throughout the entire pregnancy and can affect the woman’s quality of life. A small percentage of women develop a severe form of NVP called hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) that if left untreated may lead to significant maternal morbidity and adverse birth outcomes. Overall, the morbidity in pregnant women with NVP is significant, although it tends to be underestimated. The pathogenesis of NVP remains unclear, but there is consensus that the disorder is multifactorial and that various genetic, endocrine and infectious factors may be involved. The treatment of NVP can be challenging as the optimal targets for therapy are not known. Currently, the therapy used depends on the severity of the disorder and it is focused on improving the symptoms while minimizing risks to mother and fetus. Therapies range from dietary changes, pharmacologic treatment or hospitalization with intravenous fluid replacement and nutrition therapy. The aims of this review are 1) to provide an overview of NVP, 2) to present possible links between the most important factors associated with the pathogenesis of NVP and 3) to discuss the effectiveness and safety of the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options available to treat this disorder.

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“…Progesterone administration can induce gastric dysrhythmias (a symptom of pregnancy sickness involving rhythm disruption in the intestines) in nonpregnant women (Walsh et al, 1996). Despite these suggestive findings, progesterone’s role remains unclear as both low (Jarnfelt-Samsioe et al, 1986) and elevated levels (Yoneyama et al, 2002) have been reported in women experiencing pregnancy sickness (also see Masson et al, 1985; O’Connor et al, 1998, for null results). It is also important to note that pregnancy sickness typically disappears around mid-pregnancy, while progesterone levels steadily increase over pregnancy, a basic pattern which is difficult to reconcile with the premise that progesterone mediates pregnancy sickness.…”

Section: Pregnancy and Pathogen-avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Parental precaution: Neurobiological means and adaptive ends

Hahn‐Holbrook

Holbrook

Haselton

2011

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Humans invest precious reproductive resources in just a few offspring, who remain vulnerable for an extended period of their lifetimes relative to other primates. Therefore, it is likely that humans evolved a rich precautionary psychology that assists in the formidable task of protecting offspring. In this review, we integrate precautionary behaviors during pregnancy and postpartum with the adaptive functions they may serve and what is known of their biological mediators, particularly brain systems motivating security and attachment. We highlight the role of reproductive hormones in (i) priming parental affiliation with young to incentivize offspring protection, (ii) focusing parental attention on cues of potential threat, and (iii) facilitating maternal defense against potentially dangerous conspecifics and predators. Throughout, we center discussion on adaptive responses to threats of disease, accident and assault as common causes of child mortality in the ancestral past.

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Steroid hormones in emetic and non-emetic pregnancy

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

The effect of smoking on postoperative nausea and vomiting

The effect of smoking on postoperative nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy - What's new?

Parental precaution: Neurobiological means and adaptive ends

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