Steroid Estrogens Profiles along River Stretches Arising from Sewage Treatment Works Discharges

Williams, Richard J.; Johnson, Andrew C.; Smith, Jennifer J.; Kanda, Rakesh

doi:10.1021/es0202107

Cited by 265 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In rivers of the UK 1 ng/L to almost 50 ng/L E2 was measured and EE2 could also be detected, but not quantified (Desbrow et al 1998). Later, in 2003 in River Nene and River Lea (UK) 0.9 ng/L mean E2 and 0.7 ng/L mean EE2 were measured (Williams et al 2003). 0.15 to 3.6 ng/L E2 and 0.1 to 5.1 ng/L EE2 were found in German rivers in 2001 (Kuch &Ballschmiter 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

β-Estradiol and ethinyl-estradiol contamination in the rivers of the Carpathian Basin

Avar

Zrínyi²,

Maász

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), which are environmental estrogens have been determined with LC-MS in freshwater. Their sensitive analysis needs derivatisation and therefore is very hard to achieve in multiresidue screening. We analysed samples from all the large and some small rivers (River Danube, Drava, Mur, Sava, Tisza and Zala) of the Carpathian Basin and from Lake Balaton. Freshwater was extracted on solid phase and derivatised using dansyl-chloride. Separation was performed on a Kinetex XB-C18 column. Detection was achieved with a benchtop orbitrap mass spectrometer using targeted MS analysis for quantification. Limits of quantification were 0.05 ng/L (MS1) and 0.1 ng/L (MS/MS) for E2, and 0.001 ng/L (MS1) and 0.2 ng/L (MS/MS) for EE2. River samples contained n.d.-5.2 ng/L E2 and n.d.-0.68 ng/L EE2. Average levels of E2 and EE2 were 0.61 and 0.084 ng/L respectively in rivers, water courses and Lake Balaton together, but not counting city canal water. EE2 was less abundant, but it was still present in almost all of the samples. In beach water samples from Lake Balaton we measured 0.076-0.233 E2 and n.d.-0.133 EE2. A relative high amount of EE2 was found in river Zala (0.68 ng/L) and in Hévíz-Páhoki canal (0.52 ng/L), which are both in the catchment area of Lake Balaton (Hungary). HighlightsMethod is proposed for simultaneous determination of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinyl estradiol. Derivatization is necessary to reach low LOQ. Low ng/L presence of estrogens in selected European Rivers has been detected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

β-Estradiol and ethinyl-estradiol contamination in the rivers of the Carpathian Basin

Avar

Zrínyi²,

Maász

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…These endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are derived from natural or anthropogenic sources and have been widely detected in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents [3,4], treated industrial wastewater [5], river surface water [6], and river sediment [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of multiple hormonal activities in surface water and sediment from the Pearl River system, South China, using effect‐directed in vitro bioassays

Zhao

Ying

Yang

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-This paper reports screening of multiple hormonal activities (estrogenic and androgenic activities, antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic activities) for surface water and sediment from the Pearl River system (Liuxi, Zhujiang, and Shijing rivers) in South China, using in vitro recombinant yeast bioassays. The detection frequencies for estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities were both 100% in surface water and 81 and 93% in sediment, respectively. The levels of estrogenic activity were 0.23 to 324 ng 17b-estradiol equivalent concentration (EEQ)/L in surface water and 0 to 101 ng EEQ/g in sediment. Antiandrogenic activities were in the range of 20.4 to 935 Â 10 3 ng flutamide equivalent concentration (FEQ)/L in surface water and 0 to 154 Â 10 3 ng FEQ/g in sediment. Moreover, estrogenic activity and antiandrogenic activity in sediment showed good correlation (R 2 ¼ 0.7187), suggesting that the agonists of estrogen receptor and the antagonists of androgen receptor co-occurred in sediment. The detection frequencies for androgenic and antiestrogenic activities were 41 and 29% in surface water and 61 and 4% in sediment, respectively. The levels of androgenic activities were 0 to 45.4 ng dihydrotestosterone equivalent concentration (DEQ)/L in surface water, and the potency was very weak in the only detected sediment site. The levels of antiestrogenic activity were 0 to 1,296 Â 10 3 ng tamoxifen equivalent concentration (TEQ)/L in surface water and 0 to 89.5 Â 10 3 ng TEQ/g in sediment. The Shijing River displayed higher levels of hormonal activities than the Zhujiang and Liuxi rivers, indicating that the Shijing River had been suffering from heavy contamination with endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The equivalent concentrations of hormonal activities in some sites were greater than the lowest-observed-effect concentrations reported in the literature, suggesting potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Environ.

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“…The vast majority of studies investigating the potential for endocrine disruption in aquatic systems have focused on estrogenic compounds discharged from wastewater treatment plants (Williams et al 2003;Nelson et al 2007;Zhang and Zhou 2008;Lee and Rasmussen 2006). Several references that address anti-estrogenic effects of water and sediment extracts are available.…”

Section: Er Agonist Potencies Of Sediment Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally accepted that the most prominent source of EDCs into the aquatic environment is via sewage treatment (Williams et al 2003;Nelson et al 2007;Stasinakis et al 2008;Zhang and Zhou 2008). This is because all humans excrete hormones and most secondary water treatments, such as sludge in STW, are not able to degrade all EDCs effectively, resulting in elevated concentrations of residues in treated effluent that are eventually discharged into rivers (Nelson et al 2007;Zhang and Zhou 2008).…”

Section: Edc Source Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inducers and estrogen receptor (ER) activities in surface sediments of Three Gorges Reservoir, China evaluated with in vitro cell bioassays

Wang

Bovee²,

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Two types of biological tests were employed for monitoring the toxicological profile of sediment cores in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China. In the present study, sediments collected in June 2010 from TGR were analyzed for estrogen receptor (ER)-and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activities. The estrogenic activity was assessed using a rapid yeast estrogen bioassay, based on the expression of a green fluorescent reporter protein. Weak anti-estrogenic activity was detected in sediments from an area close to the dam of the reservoir, and weak estrogenic activities ranging from 0.3 to 1 ng 17β-estradiol (E2) equivalents (EQ) g −1 dry weight sediment (dw) were detected in sediments from the Wanzhou to Guojiaba areas. In the upstream areas Wanzhou and Wushan, sediments demonstrated additive effects in coadministration of 1 nM E2 in the yeast test system, while sediments from the downstream Badong and Guojiaba areas showed estrogenic activities which seemed to be more than additive (synergistic activity). There was an increasing tendency in estrogenic activity from upstream of TGR to downstream, while this tendency terminated and converted into anti-estrogenic activity in the area close to the dam. The AhR activity was detected employing rat hepatoma cell line (H4IIE). EROD activities were found homogenously distributed in sediments in TGR ranging from 200 to 311 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p -dioxin (TCDD) EQ g −1 dw for total AhR agonists and from 45 to 76 pg TCDD EQ g −1 dw for more persistent AhR agonists. The known AhR agonists polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polychlorinated biphenyl, and PCDD/F only explained up to 8 % of the more persistent AhR agonist activity in the samples, which suggests that unidentified AhR-active compounds represented a great proportion of the TCDD EQ in sediments from TGR. These findings of estrogenic potential and dioxin-like activity in TGR sediments provide possible weight-of-evidence of potential ecotoxicological causes for the declines in fish populations which have been observed during the past decades in TGR.

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Steroid Estrogens Profiles along River Stretches Arising from Sewage Treatment Works Discharges

Cited by 265 publications

References 25 publications

β-Estradiol and ethinyl-estradiol contamination in the rivers of the Carpathian Basin

β-Estradiol and ethinyl-estradiol contamination in the rivers of the Carpathian Basin

Screening of multiple hormonal activities in surface water and sediment from the Pearl River system, South China, using effect‐directed in vitro bioassays

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inducers and estrogen receptor (ER) activities in surface sediments of Three Gorges Reservoir, China evaluated with in vitro cell bioassays

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