Steroid disulfates - Sulfation double trouble

Synthesis of stable isotope labelled steroid bis(sulfate) conjugates and their behaviour in collision induced dissociation experiments

“…Notable contributions have been made in the fields of endocrinology and medical diagnosis. 17,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Recently, robust synthetic methods to access bisconjugated reference materials have been described, including the synthesis of steroid bis(sulfate), bisglucuronide and mixed sulfate-glucuronide conjugates. 17,21,37 The availability of synthetically pure reference materials have enabled the study of these metabolite classes in greater detail for the first time, reigniting interest in the area.…”

“…17,21,37 The availability of synthetically pure reference materials have enabled the study of these metabolite classes in greater detail for the first time, reigniting interest in the area. 32,33 For bis(sulfate) metabolites, the synthesis of 23 reference materials was described and used in the development of an LC-MS/MS constant ion loss (CIL) scan method for their detection in a urine matrix. 21 These methodologies were applied in a subsequent study, in which maternal urinary bis(sulfate) metabolites were identified as novel biomarkers in the prenatal diagnosis of inborn errors of steroid biosynthesis associated with Steroid Sulfatase Deficiency (STSD), Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS), and cytochrome P450 Oxido-Reductase Deficiency (PORD), (Fig.…”

Fluorinated Phosphoadenosine 5′-Phosphosulfate Analogues for Continuous Sulfotransferase Activity Monitoring and Inhibitor Screening by 19F NMR Spectroscopy

“…Several human STs have been identified as biomarkers linked to cancer, 2 neurodegenerative diseases, 3 , 4 immune response effectiveness, 5 and multiple other disorders. 6 The vast majority of STs, including mammalian sulfotransferases (SULTs) and plant sulfotransferases (SOTs), use 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) as a universal cofactor, that is, a sulfate group donor. STs transfer the sulfuryl group from PAPS to acceptor molecules bearing O- or N -nucleophilic functional groups and release PAP as the byproduct ( Figure 1 A).…”

“…Sulfotransferase-catalyzed reactions occur in all living domains, including bacteria, plants, and animals, and are involved in a variety of processes, such as enzyme regulation, detoxification, regulating hormonal balance, molecular recognition, and cellular signaling. Several human STs have been identified as biomarkers linked to cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, , immune response effectiveness, and multiple other disorders . The vast majority of STs, including mammalian sulfotransferases (SULTs) and plant sulfotransferases (SOTs), use 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) as a universal cofactor, that is, a sulfate group donor.…”

Editorial: Sulfation Pathways—There and Back Again

“…The many and diverse sulfation acceptor molecules in biology dictate the molecular functions of ubiquitous sulfation pathways. Recent publications have highlighted doubly sulfated steroids ( Lightning et al, 2021 ) as well as sulfo-conjugated vitamin D species ( Jenkinson et al, 2022 ). This Research Topic focused on Advances in Sulfation Pathways Research features nine research articles and three reviews, authored by 63 individual scientists, significantly advancing the field of Sulfation Pathways, highlighted within the following paragraphs:…”