Steroid degradation gene cluster of Comamonas testosteroni consisting of 18 putative genes from meta-cleavage enzyme gene tesB to regulator gene tesR

Horinouchi, Masae; Kurita, Tomokazu; Yamamoto, Takako; Hatori, Emi; Hayashi, Toshiaki; Kudo, Toshiaki

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.096

Cited by 69 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The degradation pathway was confirmed with detail using gene-disrupted mutants in early 2000s, with further studies revealing that A-ring is degraded with the pathway similar to a common bacterial aromatic compound degradation pathway and B,C,D-rings is degraded mainly by -oxidation [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Investigation of the detail of degradation pathway of B,C,D-ring and other side chains of steroid compounds are still in progress.…”

Section: -2 Degradation Pathway Of Steroid Compound In C Testosteronimentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Investigation of steroid degradation genes of in C. testosteroni launched fully in 1990s when 3-dehydrogenase gene, 3-dehydrogenase gene, and ∆5,3-ketosteroid isomerase gene were isolated consistently, then degradation genes for basic steroidal structure were revealed with detailed degradation pathway in the next decade (Figure 1., table 1) [13][14][15][16][17][18][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. The aromatized A-ring is cleaved and completely degraded by meta-cleavage pathway, a common bacterial degradation pathway for aromatic compounds, and the genes involved in the A-ring degradation show significant homology to the corresponding genes in bacterial aromatic compound degradation.…”

Section: -4 Steroid Degradation Genes and The Gene Clusters In C Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the genes in this cluster are involved in aromatization and following degradation of the A-ring in steroid degradation [14] (Figure 11). testosteroni [17,[67][68][69]. This transcriptional regulator is a LuxR family protein and possesses helix-turn-helix motif at the C-terminal to bind DNA.…”

Section: -6 Aromatization Of the A-ring Accompanied By The Cleavagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This transcriptional regulator is a LuxR family protein and possesses helix-turn-helix motif at the C-terminal to bind DNA. It is an activator which induces 3,17-hsd, 3-hsd, ksi, TesA2 to ORF18-encoded enzyme, TesA1 to TesG, SteA to ORF6-encoded enzyme, the meta-cleavage enzyme and the ORFs in the downstream DNA region [17,67] Homology search for putative steroid degradation genes in the genomic sequence data on the web using deduced amino acid sequences of tesB to ORF33 revealed the presence of putative steroid degradation gene clusters similar to tesB to ORF33 in bacteria of different genera. Among a number of candidate bacteria, ten strains of seven genera were selected for comparison (C. testosteroni CNB-1 [29], C. testosteroni KF1 (draft sequence, accession: NZ_AAUJ02000001) [70,71], Cupriavidu necator (formally R. eutropha) JMP134 (accession: NC_007347) [72,73], Ralstonia eutropha H16 (accession: NC_008314) [74], Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 (accession: NC_011001) [75], Burkholderia sp.…”

Section: -6 Aromatization Of the A-ring Accompanied By The Cleavagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Steroid degradation in Comamonas testosteroni

Horinouchi

Hayashi

Kudo

2012

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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114

153

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Steroid degradation by Comamonas testosteroni and Nocardia restrictus have been intensively studied for the purpose of obtaining materials for steroid drug synthesis. C. testosteroni degrades side chains and converts single/double bonds of certain steroid compounds to produce androsta-1,4-diene 3,17-dione or the derivative. Following 9-hydroxylation leads to aromatization of the A-ring accompanied by cleavage of the B-ring, and aromatized A-ring is hydroxylated at C-4 position, cleaved at ∆4 by meta-cleavage, and divided into 2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (A-ring) and 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid (B,C,D-ring) by hydrolysis.Reactions and the genes involved in the cleavage and the following degradation of the A-ring are similar to those for bacterial biphenyl degradation, and 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid degradation is suggested to be mainly -oxidation. Genes involved in A-ring aromatization and degradation form a gene cluster, and the genes involved in -oxidation of 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid also comprise a large cluster of more than 10 genes. The DNA region between these two main steroid degradation gene clusters contain 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene, ∆5,3-ketosteroid isomerase gene, genes for inversion of an -oriented-hydroxyl group to a -oriented-hydroxyl group at C-12 position of cholic acid, and genes possibly involved in the degradation of a side chain at C-17 position of cholic acid, indicating this DNA region of more than 100kb to be a steroid degradation gene hot spot of C. testosteroni.

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Section: -2 Degradation Pathway Of Steroid Compound In C Testosteronimentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: -4 Steroid Degradation Genes and The Gene Clusters In C Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -6 Aromatization Of the A-ring Accompanied By The Cleavagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -6 Aromatization Of the A-ring Accompanied By The Cleavagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Steroid degradation in Comamonas testosteroni

Horinouchi

Hayashi

Kudo

2012

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Self Cite

114

153

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“…Similarly, specific components of the microbiome may interfere with the metabolism of inhaled drugs. As an example, members of the Comamonadaceae family have been shown to possess steroid-responsive degradation pathways (97). Characterization of the airway microbiome in various disease states could be used to assess the impact of antimicrobial therapy and ensure new rational treatment strategies devised to affect not only known pathogens but also colonizing bacteria that might be relevant to determine the microbiome structure.…”

Section: Lessons Learned From the Study Of Airway Microbiota In Lung mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Microbiome for Clinicians. New Discoveries about Bugs in Healthy and Diseased Lungs

2014

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Microbes are readily cultured from epithelial surfaces of the skin, mouth, and colon. In the last 10 years, culture-independent DNAbased techniques demonstrated that much more complex microbial communities reside on most epithelial surfaces; this includes the lower airways, where bacterial culture had failed to reliably demonstrate resident bacteria. Exposure to a diverse bacterial environment is important for adequate immunological development. The most common microbes found in the lower airways are also found in the upper airways. Increasing abundance of oral characteristic taxa is associated with increased inflammatory cells and exhaled nitric oxide, suggesting that the airway microbiome induces an immunological response in the lung. Furthermore, rhinovirus infection leads to outgrowth of Haemophilus in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects have more Tropheryma whipplei in the lower airway, suggesting a bidirectional interaction in which the host immune defenses also influence the microbial niche. Quantitative and/or qualitative changes in the lung microbiome may be relevant for disease progression and exacerbations in a number of pulmonary diseases. Future investigations with longitudinal follow-up to understand the dynamics of the lung microbiome may lead to the development of new therapeutic targets.

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Anaerobic Biodegradation of Steroids

Chiang¹,

Ismail²

2017

Anaerobic Utilization of Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids

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Steroid degradation gene cluster of Comamonas testosteroni consisting of 18 putative genes from meta-cleavage enzyme gene tesB to regulator gene tesR

Cited by 69 publications

References 25 publications

Steroid degradation in Comamonas testosteroni

Steroid degradation in Comamonas testosteroni

Lung Microbiome for Clinicians. New Discoveries about Bugs in Healthy and Diseased Lungs

Anaerobic Biodegradation of Steroids

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