Steroid biosynthesis in adipose tissue

Li, Jiehan; Papadopoulos, Vassilios; Vihma, Veera

doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2015.03.016

Cited by 87 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 232 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Models on stress built by Champagne et al reported a R 2 value of only 57% between blood and blubber cortisol [13]. In other vertebrates, adipose tissue has been shown to convert cortisol to cortisone and it has been suggested that marine mammal blubber could perform this same conversion [24, 25]. Therefore, developing a model that includes cortisone and cortisol concentrations as predictors of blood cortisol concentrations could more accurately reflect blood cortisol and thereby stress status than measuring blubber cortisol alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and reliable steroid hormone profiling in Tursiops truncatus blubber using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

et al. 2017

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Monitoring of marine mammal steroid hormone status using matrices alternative to blood is desirable due to the ability to remotely collect samples, which minimizes stress to the animal. However, measurement techniques in alternative matrices such as blubber described to date are limited in the number and types of hormones measured. Therefore, a new method using bead homogenization to QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction, C18 post extraction cleanup and analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and applied to the measurement of hormone suites in bottlenose dolphin blubber. Validations were conducted in blubber from fresh dead stranded bottlenose dolphin. The final method consisting of two LC separations and garnet bead homogenization was tested for extraction efficiencies. Steroids were separated using a biphenyl column for reproductive hormones and C18 column for corticosteroids. Three hormones previously noted in blubber, testosterone, progesterone, and cortisol, were quantified in addition to previously unmeasured androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and cortisone in a single sample (0.4 g blubber). Extraction efficiencies of all hormones from blubber ranged from 84% to 112% and all RSDs were comparable to those reported using immunoassay methods (< 15%). The method was successfully applied to remote biopsied blubber samples to measure baseline hormone concentrations. Through this method, increased coverage of steroid hormone pathways from a single remotely collected sample potentially enhances the ability to interpret biological phenomena such as reproduction and stress in wild dolphin populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and reliable steroid hormone profiling in Tursiops truncatus blubber using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

et al. 2017

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“…The localization at the LD surface is confirmed for some of them [NSDHL, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (DHB2), 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (3BHS1)]. The identification of enzymes involved in steroid hormones metabolism was surprising because intestine is not reputed as a steroidogenic organ [48], as is adipose tissue [49] [50]. The local production of steroid hormones by peripheral tissues is now thought to play important roles in tissue homeostasis.…”

Section: Proteins Involved In Cholesterol and Steroid Hormone Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and functions of lipid droplets and associated proteins in enterocytes

Beilstein

Carrière

Leturque

et al. 2016

Experimental Cell Research

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Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) are observed in enterocytes of jejunum during lipid absorption. One important function of the intestine is to secrete chylomicrons, which provide dietary lipids throughout the body, from digested lipids in meals. The current hypothesis is that cytosolic LDs in enterocytes constitute a transient pool of stored lipids that provides lipids during interprandial period while lowering chylomicron production during the post-prandial phase. This smoothens the magnitude of peaks of hypertriglyceridemia. Here, we review the composition and functions of lipids and associated proteins of enterocyte LDs, the known physiological functions of LDs as well as the role of LDs in pathological processes in the context of the intestine.

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“…Adipose tissue expresses steroidogenic enzymes required for the conversion of precursor hormones to active estrogens and androgens (2,3). DHEAS, which circulates in women at 1000-100 000 times higher concentrations than 17b-estradiol (E 2 ) (4), provides a large reservoir of substrate for conversion into biologically active androgens and estrogens in peripheral intracrine tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid sulfatase activity in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: a comparison between pre- and postmenopausal women

Paatela

Wang

Vihma

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Adipose tissue is an important extragonadal site for steroid hormone biosynthesis. After menopause, estrogens are synthesized exclusively in peripheral tissues from circulating steroid precursors, of which the most abundant is dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Our aim was to study activity of steroid sulfatase, an enzyme hydrolyzing DHEAS, and expression of steroid-converting enzyme genes in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue derived from pre-and postmenopausal women. Design: Serum and paired abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue samples were obtained from 18 premenopausal and seven postmenopausal women undergoing elective surgery for non-malignant reasons in Helsinki University Central Hospital. Methods: To assess steroid sulfatase activity, radiolabeled DHEAS was incubated in the presence of adipose tissue homogenate and the liberated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was measured. Gene mRNA expressions were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Serum DHEAS, DHEA, and estrogen concentrations were determined by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. Results: Steroid sulfatase activity was higher in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women in subcutaneous (median 379 vs 257 pmol/kg tissue per hour; PZ0.006) and visceral (545 vs 360 pmol/kg per hour; PZ0.004) adipose tissue. Visceral fat showed higher sulfatase activity than subcutaneous fat in premenopausal (PZ0.035) and all (PZ0.010) women. The mRNA expression levels of two estradiol-producing enzymes, aromatase and 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 12, were higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Conclusions: Steroid sulfatase activity in adipose tissue was higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women suggesting that DHEAS, derived from the circulation, could be more efficiently utilized in postmenopausal adipose tissue for the formation of biologically active sex hormones.

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Steroid biosynthesis in adipose tissue

Cited by 87 publications

References 232 publications

Rapid and reliable steroid hormone profiling in Tursiops truncatus blubber using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Rapid and reliable steroid hormone profiling in Tursiops truncatus blubber using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Characteristics and functions of lipid droplets and associated proteins in enterocytes

Steroid sulfatase activity in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: a comparison between pre- and postmenopausal women

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