Sterilization of Biomaterials of Synthetic and Biological Origin

Qiu, Qingqing; Sun, Wendell Q.; Connor, Jerome

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-055294-1.00248-8

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…In the future, this process would facilitate the application of coats on heat-sensitive implant materials, like silicone, biodegradable biopolymers, and materials of biological origin and with retention of the original anti-biofilm properties. [37] The genus Streptococcus comprises a wide variety of bacteria. S. salivarius is the first colonizer of the human oral cavity after birth, establishes immune homeostasis and regulates host inflammatory responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayered Adsorption of Commensal Microflora on Implant Surfaces: an Unconventional and Innovative Method to Prevent Bacterial Infections Associated with Biomaterials

Rahim

Döll

Stumpp

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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tious bacteria around dental implants may lead to the formation of biofilms, [3] which can cause mucosal inflammation, which is associated with peri-implant bone loss and peri-implantitis. [4] The ongoing tissue damage and bone resorption hinder the integration of the implant into tissue. Moreover, biofilms exhibit strong antibiotic resistance and are therefore impervious to therapy. [5] Biofilm formation is a stepwise process starting from the initial bacterial adhesion, followed by microcolony formation and finally maturation into extracellular encased mature biofilms. [6] Initial bacterial adhesion is the most critical step in biofilm formation and strategies targeting the inhibition of bacterial adhesion may be of therapeutic value. [7] Recent progress in understanding the nature and complexity of biofilms has led to the development of antibiofilm strategies. Since antibiotics remain the "gold standard" therapeutics, local antibiotic delivery systems have been applied to implant surfaces to prevent initial bacterial adhesion. [8] Even though most antibiotics resist bacterial attachment simply by killing the bacteria, they increase the chance that antimicrobial resistance may develop. [9] In addition, antibiotics may kill healthy microflora and their prolonged intake will result in systemic side effects in patients. [10] Moreover, metal ions as antimicrobial agents, such as cationic compounds, semi or fully synthetic peptides, or metallic nanoparticles (silver, copper, and zinc) have been coated on implant surfaces to prevent bacterial biofilms. [11] These metallic nanoparticles triggered toxic effects at the implantation site, as well as systemic effects in other organs. [12] In the context of antifouling coatings, polymeric coatings were applied on implant materials to resist bacterial adhesion and issues of severe biofilm formation. [13] One of the critical strategies involves applying poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to fabricate surfaces that resist bacterial adhesion against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus salivarius. [14] However, the fabrication of polymer coating involves a complicated process and the mechanism of bacterial resistance is not universal against each bacterial species. This ineffectiveness of coating could be mainly due to the complexity of the mechanisms through which bacteria attach Biomaterials may be colonized with infectious biofilms and this frequently leads to progressive loss of tissue. Bacteria encased within biofilms resist antibiotics and the host immune system. With life-threatening complications and the antibiotic resistance crisis, novel therapeutic approaches are essentially required to treat biofilm infections. Commensal microflora-particularly streptococci-modulate the immune system's ability to protect from pathogens. In imitation of this natural phenomenon, the present study describes a novel method of applying the commensal, Streptococcus oralis, as a coating on implants to prevent infectious biofilms. Implants are...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayered Adsorption of Commensal Microflora on Implant Surfaces: an Unconventional and Innovative Method to Prevent Bacterial Infections Associated with Biomaterials

Rahim

Döll

Stumpp

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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“…In this study, we followed a previously described methodology that chooses in vitro ECM tests and in vivo animal models for evaluating the performance of ECM scaffolds. 43 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we followed a previously described methodology that chooses in vitro ECM tests and in vivo animal models for evaluating the performance of ECM scaffolds. 43 Three-dimensional structural properties of scaffolds are known to play critical roles in supporting new tissue formation via in situ cell repopulation and revascularization that ultimately lead to the remodeling of the ECM scaffold into a functional tissue. Processing methods alter scaffold structures differently (Figures 1 and 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process-induced extracellular matrix alterations affect the mechanisms of soft tissue repair and regeneration

Sun

Sandor

et al. 2013

J Tissue Eng

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Extracellular matrices derived from animal tissues for human tissue repairs are processed by various methods of physical, chemical, or enzymatic decellularization, viral inactivation, and terminal sterilization. The mechanisms of action in tissue repair vary among bioscaffolds and are suggested to be associated with process-induced extracellular matrix modifications. We compared three non-cross-linked, commercially available extracellular matrix scaffolds (Strattice, Veritas, and XenMatrix), and correlated extracellular matrix alterations to in vivo biological responses upon implantation in non-human primates. Structural evaluation showed significant differences in retaining native tissue extracellular matrix histology and ultrastructural features among bioscaffolds. Tissue processing may cause both the condensation of collagen fibers and fragmentation or separation of collagen bundles. Calorimetric analysis showed significant differences in the stability of bioscaffolds. The intrinsic denaturation temperature was measured to be 51°C, 38°C, and 44°C for Strattice, Veritas, and XenMatrix, respectively, demonstrating more extracellular matrix modifications in the Veritas and XenMatrix scaffolds. Consequently, the susceptibility to collagenase degradation was increased in Veritas and XenMatrix when compared to their respective source tissues. Using a non-human primate model, three bioscaffolds were found to elicit different biological responses, have distinct mechanisms of action, and yield various outcomes of tissue repair. Strattice permitted cell repopulation and was remodeled over 6 months. Veritas was unstable at body temperature, resulting in rapid absorption with moderate inflammation. XenMatrix caused severe inflammation and sustained immune reactions. This study demonstrates that extracellular matrix alterations significantly affect biological responses in soft tissue repair and regeneration. The data offer useful insights into the rational design of extracellular matrix products and bioscaffolds of tissue engineering.

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“…The extracellular matrices are mainly composed of collagen, proteoglycans with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as hyaluronic acid, elastin, cell-binding glycoproteins [ 23 ], and other cell adhesion peptides, such as RGDS motifs, which can be employed as natural polymers when performing the bioprinting process, for example, in the form of bioinks. Also, the bioinks must be optimized according to the typical 3D printing parameters of reproducibility, structural stability, and fidelity, as well as not being cytotoxic, with controlled degradability, compatible with cell attachment, porous [ 19 , 24 ], and stable during sterilization procedures [ 25 ]. Also, the use of non-Newtonian fluids is very interesting in bioprinting due to their thixotropic effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Cell Direct Bioprinting: A Focused Review

et al. 2021

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Three-dimensional printing technologies allow for the fabrication of complex parts with accurate geometry and less production time. When applied to biomedical applications, two different approaches, known as direct or indirect bioprinting, may be performed. The classical way is to print a support structure, the scaffold, and then culture the cells. Due to the low efficiency of this method, direct bioprinting has been proposed, with or without the use of scaffolds. Scaffolds are the most common technology to culture cells, but bioassembly of cells may be an interesting methodology to mimic the native microenvironment, the extracellular matrix, where the cells interact between themselves. The purpose of this review is to give an updated report about the materials, the bioprinting technologies, and the cells used in cancer research for breast, brain, lung, liver, reproductive, gastric, skin, and bladder associated cancers, to help the development of possible treatments to lower the mortality rates, increasing the effectiveness of guided therapies. This work introduces direct bioprinting to be considered as a key factor above the main tissue engineering technologies.

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Sterilization of Biomaterials of Synthetic and Biological Origin

Cited by 25 publications

References 140 publications

Multilayered Adsorption of Commensal Microflora on Implant Surfaces: an Unconventional and Innovative Method to Prevent Bacterial Infections Associated with Biomaterials

Multilayered Adsorption of Commensal Microflora on Implant Surfaces: an Unconventional and Innovative Method to Prevent Bacterial Infections Associated with Biomaterials

Process-induced extracellular matrix alterations affect the mechanisms of soft tissue repair and regeneration

Cancer Cell Direct Bioprinting: A Focused Review

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